Educated at the School of Pharmacy of the Pharmaceutical Society, where he gained the junior Bell scholarship in 1872, and the senior Bell scholarship in 1873. He also gained medals in material medica and botany, in chemistry, practical chemistry, and pharmacy, and the Pereira medal in 1873. He subsequently studied medicine at St Thomas's Hospital, won the open scholarship in surgery at the Society of Apothecaries in 1884, and was *proxime accessit* for the Murchison scholarship in clinical medicine at the University of Edinburgh. He was an examiner in chemistry to the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, and was tutor and joint lecturer on materia medica and therapeutics at St Thomas's Hospital Medical School, where he was also apothecary and teacher of pharmacy in the hospital. He had been clinical assistant in the skin and the ear and throat departments. He landed in Melbourne, Victoria from RMSS *Valletta* at the end of 1889, having been invited by the council of the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia to teach chemistry, physics, and materia medica, as well as to direct the laboratory in the society's College of Pharmacy in Swanston Street, Melbourne. He died at Frankston, Victoria on 27 April 1932.