Bernard James Bowden was born in 1927 at Mt Albert, Auckland, the only son of William and Catherine Bowden. He was educated at Takapuna Grammar School and entered Auckland University as a Sinclair Scholar, graduating BSc in 1948. He spent that year as a junior master at King's College, Auckland, but

Consultant ophthalmic surgeon to University College Hospital and Moorfields Eye Hospital, Cyril Dee Shapland distinguished his career in the 1950s by pioneering new procedures using diathermy and cryosurgery in the treatment of detachment of the retina. Years earlier, in 1929 he assisted Sir William

Jacob Sherne was resident ophthalmic officer at Leeds General Infirmary before becoming consultant in ophthalmic surgery to Leeds Hospital Group A. During the second world war he served with the RAMC with the rank of Major. He died on 20 March 1974.

Hugh Hedley Skeoch was born on 18 December 1895 in Sydney, the second son of Hugh Skeoch, a mechanical engineer and Mabel, née Hedley, who came originally from Liverpool. Hugh was educated at Grafton Public and Hay High Schools in New South Wales, and then qualified in medicine from Sydney Universit

Born at Norwich, and was partly of German extraction. He graduated MD at Edinburgh in 1856, and then studied ophthalmology for four years under von Graefe in Berlin as one of his assistants, under Helmholtz, and under Donders in Holland. On his return to England in 1860 Bowman appointed him his Clin

Born 4 November 1868, the sixth child and third son of Arthur Lister (1830-1908), FRS, merchant and botanist, and his wife, née Tindall. Arthur Lister was a younger brother of Joseph Lister, and William grew up in the centre of a most gifted medico-scientific family, comparable only to the Darwins.

Born 22 March 1867 at Hillside, Dowlais, Glamorgan, the second child and eldest son of Pearson Robert Cresswell, CB and Jane Catherine Robinson, his second wife. His father (1834-1905) was a well-known surgeon in the colliery district of South Wales who, after he was appointed chief surgeon to the D

Son of the Rev Joseph Cross, MA, who matriculated from Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 11 November 1812, was vicar of Merriott south Somersetshire, married Caroline Richardson and was afterwards precentor of Bristol cathedral. Francis Richardson Cross was born 26 November 1848 and was educated at Crewkerne G

Born about 1877 at Purneah, India, son of Francis Cruise who had died before Richard entered Harrow in April 1890. He received his medical training at St Mary's Hospital. After qualifying in 1900 he specialized as an ophthalmologist, and served as senior clinical ophthalmic assistant at St Mary's an

Born 19 March 1871, at Stanhope, Durham, eldest child of the Rev G W Butler, of Broadmayne with West Knighton, Dorset, and his wife Elizabeth Oldfield, adopted daughter of the Rev George Harrison. He was educated at Dorchester Grammar School, at St Paul's School, where he was an exhibitioner, and at

Born at Magdalena, Argentina on 15 September 1865, the fourth child and third son of Henry Thompson, an estanciero (manager of a country estate), and Margaret Cowen, his wife. He was educated privately at Liverpool and in Paris, and took his medical training at Edinburgh University, where he graduat

Born 20 October 1882 at Stamford Hill, London, eldest son of Arthur Griffith, solicitor, who survived his son, and his wife, *née* Donald. The family had a distinguished legal tradition. He was educated at Tollington Park College, at King's College, Strand, where he was a junior scholar, and at King