Born 7 October 1869 at Timaru, South Canterbury, New Zealand, the fourth child and second son of Samuel Stewart Griffin and Catherine Finegan, his wife. His father, born in Canada, was medical man, clergyman, politician, and pioneer settler. He was educated at Christ's College, Christchurch, where h

Born at Kobe, Japan on 25 September 1875, the elder son of John Kirkaldy Cunningham, a merchant, and Florence Heaslop, his wife. His father retired from business and settled at Axminster in 1887, and sent his son to Sherborne School. He entered at Michaelmas term 1889 and left in 1894, having been c

Born 6 April 1863 at Spilsby, Lincolnshire, the eldest son of the Rev Charles George Ridley, who came from Kimbolton, and Mary Vine, his wife. He was educated at Boston Grammar School and at St Mary's Hospital, where he gained scholarships in natural science and pathology. He acted subsequently as h

Born on 24 October 1886 at Barnsley, Yorkshire, the sixth child and fifth son of Charles Robinson, timber merchant, and Emma Naylor, his wife. He was educated at Barnsley High School, the Leeds Medical School, and St Bartholomew's Hospital. After serving as house surgeon at the Leeds General Infirma

Born at Sydney, New South Wales, on 25 January 1864, the fourth child of Samuel Terry Hughes and Charlotte Keck, his wife. He entered Malvern College in the third term of 1880, when the Rev Thomas Cruttwell was head master, and remained there until 1882. He then proceeded to St Bartholomew's Hospita

Jonathan Hutchinson, like his distinguished father Sir Jonathan Hutchinson, was surgeon to the London Hospital. When he was born at Reigate in 1859 it was still possible for a surgeon to be encyclopaedic. Few advances had been made: Lister was still a physiologist; anaesthesia was on its trial; the

Born on 1 June 1862 at Kensington, second child and eldest son of Beevor Roll, chartered accountant, and Ellen Winfield, his wife. He was educated at Bedford Grammar School, at Christ's College, Cambridge, and at St Thomas's Hospital, where he served as ophthalmic house surgeon. He was later chief c

Born at Bath on 3 August 1869, the only son of Cyril J Wood, journalist, and his wife, *née* Candy. Educated at Bath and at the University of Bristol, his main interests were devoted at first to pathology but, influenced by F Richardson Cross, he soon turned to ophthalmology. He was appointed surgeo

Born on 1 March 1899 in Dalston, Cumberland, he found himself involved at a tender age in the war of 1914-18 during which he served in minesweepers of the Royal Navy, mostly in the Mediterranean. On demobilisation he decided to take up medicine and entered the medical school of Guy's Hospital. After

Born on 28 February 1906 son of Francis John Philps, sometime editor of the *Financial Times*, he was educated at Aldenham and St Bartholomew's Hospital, where after qualifying he was house surgeon to George Gask and Thomas Dunhill, later becoming house surgeon and resident medical officer at the Ro

Thomas Gerrard O'Driscoll was a consultant ophthalmic surgeon at the regional eye unit, Oldchurch Hospital, Romford. He was born in Kinsale, County Cork, Ireland, on 5 December 1924, the second son of Patrick O'Driscoll, a civil servant in the Customs and Excise, and Mary O'Driscoll née O'Carroll. H

Born 15 August 1860 at Saffron Walden, Essex, the second child and only son of William Spicer and Anne Holmes, his wife. His father owned a considerable amount of land as well as the Rose and Crown Hotel in Saffron Walden; his mother came of a family of brewers in Yorkshire. Holmes Spicer was educat