Patrick Gowans Laing was an orthopaedic surgeon in Pittsburgh, United States, and a pioneering researcher into the use of safe metals for surgical implants. He was born in Putney, London, on 8 November 1923, the son of Harold James Gowans Laing, a major in the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Enginee

Peter Alexander Ring was a consultant orthopaedic surgeon of international repute who worked at Redhill General Hospital. He was born in Finchley, Middlesex, on 30 December 1922. His father, John Richard Ring, was a shop manager. His mother was Caroline née Matthews. Peter went to school at Christ's