Came of a family of Lutheran Pastors, of long standing in East Prussia and Livonia, his father being Pastor of Rujen in Livonia; but his mother, having to take refuge from an epidemic, he was born at Riga, then the capital of the Russian Baltic Provinces, in December, 1836. On leaving school he fai

Born at Vans in Ardèche, and studied natural science at the University of Montpellier, being appointed in 1849 Assistant in Botany in the Faculty of Medicine. In 1851 he was Interne of the Hôtel-Dieu at Lyons, took his doctor's degree at Montpellier in 1856, and in 1860, when just thirty years of ag

Born on May 4th, 1842, in Boston, Mass, the son of Jonathan Mason Warren and his wife, Annie Crowninshield. The Warren family is of old New England stock. In the life of his eponymous grandfather, Dr J Collins Warren, he states: "John Collins Warren was born in Boston on August 1st, 1778. His gra

Born at Bergen, Norway, on July 31st, 1831. Studied medicine in Christiania and graduated in 1856. Soon afterwards he was appointed Medical Inspector of the Herring Fishery. He was a Compagnie-Chirurg from 1857-1867, being resident in Stockholm up to 1860. From 1863-1866 he was 'Reservearzt' on the

Born [1] at Senftenberg in Bohemia, a Czech, the son of a poor watchmaker. Educated at the Königsgratz Gymnasium, and in 1861 entered as a student at the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna, the teachers being Hyrtl, Skoda, Brücke, Oppolzer, and Rokitansky. He took his doctor's degree in 186

Came of a family prominent in business, philanthropy, and society. He was born in New York on September 23rd, 1852, and was educated in New York, the Andover Academy, and Yale, where he graduated in Arts. He gained his medical education at the College of Physicians and Surgeons attached to Columbia

Born at Harbour Grace, Newfoundland, on July 31st, 1846, the son of the Principal of the Government Grammar School; he entered McGill University in 1864, and was the first student of his year and Holmes Gold Medallist. For six years he acted as Resident Surgeon at the Montreal General Hospital. In 1

The younger son of Robert Ball, LLD, Director of the Dublin Museum of Science and Art, and brother of Sir Robert Stawell Ball, the Astronomer Royal, was born in Dublin on Feb 21st, 1851. After a brilliant career at Trinity College, Dublin, he practised for a short period in South Wales; but return

Theodor Kocher, a native of Berne, is remarkable in having remained in his native place throughout his life. Born in 1841, he graduated at the University of Berne in 1865 and studied further in Vienna and in Berlin, and he also visited London and Paris. Following G A Luecke he was appointed Professo

Born at Rotenburg-on-Fulda, in Hesse, on February 10th, 1832, the son of the medical attendant of the Landgrave. He graduated MD at the University of Marburg in 1855, in particular being a pupil of W Roser. After serving as assistant in the Surgical Clinic he studied in Berlin - surgery under Langen

Born at Castéra-Verduzan (Gers) in Gascony, the son of a local practitioner. He studied medicine in Paris, becoming interne in 1863, and serving under Jarjavay, Denonvilliers, Gosselin, and Cusco. He graduated MD in 1867 with a thesis on the internal circulation of the heart. Based on his own resear

Born at Hinchbrook, Huntingdon, in the province of Quebec, on June 29th, 1829, the eldest son of Lieut-Colonel Samuel James Hingston, who was of Irish extraction, by his second wife Eleanor McGrath, of Montreal. Like his father he was a Roman Catholic and was educated at the Montreal College of St S