Arthur Littlewood Newson was born at Wishpool, Victoria, Australia, on 22 August 1906. He was educated at Caulfield Grammar School and Melbourne University, qualifying MB BS in 1932 and was resident medical officer at the Alfred Hospital. He came to England and worked with Rodney Maingot, obtaining

Robert Sutherland Lawson was born in Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, on 31 May 1908. His father was Sir Harry Sutherland Wightman Lawson, KCMG, Prime Minister of Victoria 1918-24. His mother was a distant relation of Sir James Clark, Physician to Queen Victoria. A younger brother, D F Lawson, is a

Nathan (Sonny) Garber, the son of Joel Garber, a hotel manager, and of Sara (née Efroiken), was born on 2 June 1902 in Lithuania. He was the oldest of seven children, with four brothers and two sisters, the family having migrated to South Africa in 1904. His early education was at Normal College Sch

Hall, who was often known by the nickname 'Jock', received his medical education at Leeds, qualifying MB ChB in 1931, and gaining the ChM there in 1949, having passed the FRCS examination in 1938. During the second world war he was adviser in surgery to the East African Command. He was resident surg

Anthony (Tony) Kelly was born in Melbourne on 8 November 1909, the son of Piers Lefanu Kelly, a mining engineer, and Anna Dorothy, née Keelan. He was educated at Bacchus Marsh High School in Victoria, St Patrick's College, Ballarat, Victoria, and the University of Melbourne Medical School, where he

Horgan was educated in the School of Physic, Trinity College, Dublin, qualifying in 1933. He then came to England and was, successively, a house surgeon at Bristol Royal Infirmary, and resident surgical officer at Bolton Royal Infirmary and at Brighton Municipal Hospital. He took the English Fell

Louis Julius Horn was born on 31 August 1899 and was educated at the University of Sydney, Australia, where he graduated in 1923. He then spent some years in a country practice, but being possessed of considerable intellectual gifts and wishing to extend his experience he came to England in 1930, an

Alan William Douglas was born on 23 October 1910 in Napier, New Zealand. He was educated at Napier Boys High School and Otago University, where he graduated MB ChB in 1933. Resident posts in Auckland preceded his arrival in England in 1934 when he became surgical registrar at Queen Mary's Hospital f

John Charles Hislop, son of a well-known Wellington surgeon, was born in Wellington, educated at Christ's College and Edinburgh University. He graduated MB ChB in 1932 and proceeded to take his FRCS in 1938. He had an unusually wide training as a house surgeon, registrar and resident surgeon and thi

Edward Harold Walter Gifford was the son of Algernon Charles Gifford, a school- teacher and astronomer, and of Susie Gifford (née Jones). He was born at Wellington, New Zealand, on 26 May 1909 and educated at Roseneath Primary School and Wellington College where he was deputy head prefect, played in

Ramaswami Mahadevan was born on 6 January 1903 in Tamil Nadu, South India, the ninth child of Ramaswami Iyer, headmaster of a secondary school. He was educated at Presidency College, Madras, before entering the University of Madras Medical College from which he qualified in 1926. After hospital appo

Harold Park was horn on 26 July 1909 at Preston, Lancashire, and studied medicine in Edinburgh, qualifying in 1932. His early appointments included the posts of casualty officer at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, and resident medical officer at St Paul's Hospital for Genito-Urinary Diseases. In 1938