Born 4 November 1868, the sixth child and third son of Arthur Lister (1830-1908), FRS, merchant and botanist, and his wife, née Tindall. Arthur Lister was a younger brother of Joseph Lister, and William grew up in the centre of a most gifted medico-scientific family, comparable only to the Darwins.

Born at Mount Pleasant, Liverpool, 17 January 1857, the second child and eldest son of Thomas Bickerton, FRCS Ed and Elizabeth Green, his wife. His father began life as a general surgeon and then devoted himself to the treatment of diseases of the eye, ear, and throat, being more particularly intere

Born 20 October 1882 at Stamford Hill, London, eldest son of Arthur Griffith, solicitor, who survived his son, and his wife, *née* Donald. The family had a distinguished legal tradition. He was educated at Tollington Park College, at King's College, Strand, where he was a junior scholar, and at King

Born 22 March 1867 at Hillside, Dowlais, Glamorgan, the second child and eldest son of Pearson Robert Cresswell, CB and Jane Catherine Robinson, his second wife. His father (1834-1905) was a well-known surgeon in the colliery district of South Wales who, after he was appointed chief surgeon to the D

Born 12 November 1866 the fourth son of Thomas Frederick Grimsdale (1823-1902), MRCS 1845, of 29 Rodney Street, Liverpool, a leading gynaecologist (see *Brit med J* 1902, 2, 919; *Lancet*, 1902, 2, 712) and Jane Bury, his wife, who lived till her hundredth year. An elder son Thomas Babington Grimsda

Born about 1877 at Purneah, India, son of Francis Cruise who had died before Richard entered Harrow in April 1890. He received his medical training at St Mary's Hospital. After qualifying in 1900 he specialized as an ophthalmologist, and served as senior clinical ophthalmic assistant at St Mary's an

Born at Kobe, Japan on 25 September 1875, the elder son of John Kirkaldy Cunningham, a merchant, and Florence Heaslop, his wife. His father retired from business and settled at Axminster in 1887, and sent his son to Sherborne School. He entered at Michaelmas term 1889 and left in 1894, having been c

Born at Sydney, New South Wales, on 25 January 1864, the fourth child of Samuel Terry Hughes and Charlotte Keck, his wife. He entered Malvern College in the third term of 1880, when the Rev Thomas Cruttwell was head master, and remained there until 1882. He then proceeded to St Bartholomew's Hospita

Jonathan Hutchinson, like his distinguished father Sir Jonathan Hutchinson, was surgeon to the London Hospital. When he was born at Reigate in 1859 it was still possible for a surgeon to be encyclopaedic. Few advances had been made: Lister was still a physiologist; anaesthesia was on its trial; the

Born 13 February 1874 at Pencoed, Glamorgan, eldest son of Rev D P Davies. Educated at Christ College, Brecon and University College, London, he served for a period as clinical assistant in the department at University College Hospital. After taking the Fellowship he was appointed assistant ophthalm

Andrew Hallidie Smith, who between 1885 and 1890 took the surname of Hallidie, was born at Richmond, Surrey on 23 June 1862, the third child and second son of Archibald Smith, engineer, and his wife *née* Reece. He was educated at King's College School, London, and at King's College, Cambridge. Hall

Born 6 April 1863 at Spilsby, Lincolnshire, the eldest son of the Rev Charles George Ridley, who came from Kimbolton, and Mary Vine, his wife. He was educated at Boston Grammar School and at St Mary's Hospital, where he gained scholarships in natural science and pathology. He acted subsequently as h