Professor Rolfe Birch, a towering figure in peripheral nerve surgery, reshaped the field through his innovative techniques, research and dedication to education. He was born in north London on 18 February 1944, the son of Reginald Birch, a toolmaker at de Havilland, and Dorothy Birch née Lawson, a teacher. His early academic promise led him from Cambridge University to St George’s Hospital, where his fascination with the nervous system was sparked. After five years working in accident departments and in general surgery, he joined the southwest London orthopaedic training scheme. A pivotal scholarship in microsurgery cemented his commitment to advancing nerve injury treatment. In 1979, he became a consultant at St Mary’s Hospital and the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH), where he worked alongside George Bonney to refine nerve injury classifications and revolutionise surgical interventions. His tenure as head of the RNOH peripheral nerve injury unit saw it grow into an internationally recognised centre of excellence. His seminal textbook, *Surgical disorders of the peripheral nerves* (Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1998; second edition 2011), remains an essential guide for surgeons worldwide. His contributions to early surgical intervention, brachial plexus injuries and obstetric nerve injuries improved patient outcomes and expanded treatment possibilities. Known for his precision, meticulous techniques and engaging teaching, he mentored generations of surgeons, fostering collaboration across orthopaedics, plastics, neurosurgery and vascular specialties. He was an honorary consultant to Great Ormond Street Hospital, the National Hospital, Queen Square and Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, a visiting professor in academic neurology at Imperial College, London and held a personal chair in the department of orthopaedic neurology at University College, London. Even after retiring from the NHS, he continued his work at Headley Court’s war nerve injuries clinic, embodying his lifelong commitment to patient care and medical advancement. His humour, humility, and dedication left a lasting impression on colleagues, patients and trainees alike. Rolfe Birch died peacefully on 22 May 2023. He was survived by his partner Margaret Taggart and his son and daughter by his former wife Frances (née Bilton). His legacy lives on in the countless lives he touched, the surgeons he inspired and the enduring standards of excellence he set in peripheral nerve surgery