Lieutenant General Malik Shaukat Hasan was director of surgery in the Pakistan Army and a pioneer of cardiothoracic surgery in his country. He was born on 12 May 1919 in Amritsar, India, the third son of a middle class Muslim cloth merchant; his paternal grandfather was from Kashmir and his maternal

Professor Marc de Leval, a leading paediatric heart surgeon, established the heart transplant unit at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, and was a pioneer of patient safety and risk management research. He was born on 16 April 1941 in the village of Charneux in Belgium, the eldest of seven childr

Hans Georg Borst, head of the division of cardiothoracic and vascular surgery at Hannover Medical School, Germany was an internationally renowned cardiovascular surgeon who made major contributions to the surgical treatment of aortic aneurysm and aortic dissections, and to the development of cardiac