Born at Leeds, 7 June 1876, the third son of James William Gough, decorator, and Emma Armitage, his wife. He was educated at Leeds City School and Medical School, where he won the William Hey medal in surgery and a gold medal in physiology and histology. At the General Infirmary he served as senior

Born in Australia on 13 February 1881, the seventh child and third son of Frederic Chapple, CMG, head master of Prince Alfred College, Adelaide, and his wife Elizabeth Sarah Hunter. Chapple graduated in science at Adelaide University and then entered St John's College, Cam¬bridge. He took honours in