Christopher Tiwari was educated at Agra University and at the SW Medical College, Agra, gaining a BSc in 1947 and qualifying MB BS in 1952. After qualification he was a demonstrator in pathology at his medical college, before coming to Britain and gaining his Fellowship. Thereafter he held registrar

Ivor Alwyne Sewell studied medicine at King's College Hospital, qualifying MB BS in 1955. A lecturer in surgery at Westminster Hospital Medical School at the start of his career, he then became senior registrar in surgery at Glasgow Royal Infirmary. He was awarded a PhD for research into the microci