Born at Bergerac, Dordogne, on October 3rd, 1846, the son of a pastor of Italian origin who had twelve children. He was educated at the *lycées* of Pau and Bordeaux, and in 1869 studied in Paris, becoming a favourite pupil of Broca. He graduated MD in 1873, and obtained the position of Agrégé in 187

Born on September 12th, 1839; was educated at Oundle School, afterwards receiving his professional training at St Bartholomews Hospital and at the University of Malta. He was appointed Surgeon in the Royal Navy in 1870, and was promoted Staff Surgeon in December, 1872. He was appointed to the *Activ

Born at New York; studied at the Free Academy or College of the City of New York, and in 1859 received the MD of the New York College of Physicians and Surgeons. During the North and South War he served as Assistant Surgeon to the Federal Army and was from 1862 in charge of the General Hospital at F

Born on May 4th, 1842, in Boston, Mass, the son of Jonathan Mason Warren and his wife, Annie Crowninshield. The Warren family is of old New England stock. In the life of his eponymous grandfather, Dr J Collins Warren, he states: "John Collins Warren was born in Boston on August 1st, 1778. His gra

Born at Vans in Ardèche, and studied natural science at the University of Montpellier, being appointed in 1849 Assistant in Botany in the Faculty of Medicine. In 1851 he was Interne of the Hôtel-Dieu at Lyons, took his doctor's degree at Montpellier in 1856, and in 1860, when just thirty years of ag

Born at Trumisgary Manse in the island of North Uist, Outer Hebrides, on July 23rd, 1840, the eldest son of the Rev Norman Macleod, who in the disruption of 1843 on the question of patronage seceded from the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and remained in North Uist as a 'Free Church Minister'. The

Born at Castéra-Verduzan (Gers) in Gascony, the son of a local practitioner. He studied medicine in Paris, becoming interne in 1863, and serving under Jarjavay, Denonvilliers, Gosselin, and Cusco. He graduated MD in 1867 with a thesis on the internal circulation of the heart. Based on his own resear

Born in the town of Novotscherkask on the Don on January 28th (Jan 16th os), 1845. He was the son of a priest and was educated at an ecclesiastical seminary. He received his medical education at the Medico-Chirurgical Academy, St Petersburg, in the years 1862-1868, his teachers being Professors Botk

Born at Harbour Grace, Newfoundland, on July 31st, 1846, the son of the Principal of the Government Grammar School; he entered McGill University in 1864, and was the first student of his year and Holmes Gold Medallist. For six years he acted as Resident Surgeon at the Montreal General Hospital. In 1