Born in San Francisco on 1 February 1880, the eldest child of J Lewis Franklin, a business man, and his wife *née* Last; his father died while he was still a boy. He was educated at Lowell High School and the University of California. Coming to Europe he worked at Heidelberg University and at King's

Ernest Cowell was born on 24 February 1886, son of Jasper Cowell of Steyning, Sussex, and was educated at Steyning Grammar School and University College Hospital Medical School where he graduated in 1907, taking the Conjoint Diploma the same year, and went on to take his MD degree in 1909 and the Fe

Leipoldt was a man of great ability and versatility, who worked actively as a doctor and a journalist throughout his career. A South African of Dutch republican sympathies, in later life he promoted good professional relations between the Medical Associations of South Africa and Great Britain. Fully

Born 12 December 1882, son of Henry Joseph Bristow of Bexley, Kent, underwriter, and Fanny Clara Sheppard, his wife. He was educated at Brighton Grammar School, and at St Thomas's Hospital, where he served as demonstrator of anatomy, and house surgeon to Sir George Makins. He was early interested in