Born on May 4th, 1842, in Boston, Mass, the son of Jonathan Mason Warren and his wife, Annie Crowninshield. The Warren family is of old New England stock. In the life of his eponymous grandfather, Dr J Collins Warren, he states: "John Collins Warren was born in Boston on August 1st, 1778. His gra

Born in the town of Novotscherkask on the Don on January 28th (Jan 16th os), 1845. He was the son of a priest and was educated at an ecclesiastical seminary. He received his medical education at the Medico-Chirurgical Academy, St Petersburg, in the years 1862-1868, his teachers being Professors Botk

Born at Trumisgary Manse in the island of North Uist, Outer Hebrides, on July 23rd, 1840, the eldest son of the Rev Norman Macleod, who in the disruption of 1843 on the question of patronage seceded from the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and remained in North Uist as a 'Free Church Minister'. The

Born at New York; studied at the Free Academy or College of the City of New York, and in 1859 received the MD of the New York College of Physicians and Surgeons. During the North and South War he served as Assistant Surgeon to the Federal Army and was from 1862 in charge of the General Hospital at F

The son of Rubio, continuing the name of the well-known eighteenth-century physician and medical author, and of his wife, *née* Galli, was born on August 7th, 1827, at Puerto de Santa Maria, Cadiz. He studied in the Faculty of Medicine, and graduated at Cadiz in 1850, having been from 1846-1849 enga

Born in the Isle of Bute on June 22nd, 1848, the younger son of John Macewen, who had been in business in Rothesay and was afterwards master of the *Breadalbane*, a yacht employed during the summer months to carry Free Church Ministers to and from the islands on the West Coast of Scotland. He was ed

Born at Aulnay-sur-Odon, Calvados, in December, 1834. He began his medical studies at Caen, where he was Prosector of Anatomy and Interne at the Hôtel Dieu. He completed his studies in Paris, where in 1857 he gained in competition the post of Interne des Hôpitaux, becoming Prosector in four years' t

Born at Bergerac, Dordogne, on October 3rd, 1846, the son of a pastor of Italian origin who had twelve children. He was educated at the *lycées* of Pau and Bordeaux, and in 1869 studied in Paris, becoming a favourite pupil of Broca. He graduated MD in 1873, and obtained the position of Agrégé in 187

Born on September 12th, 1839; was educated at Oundle School, afterwards receiving his professional training at St Bartholomews Hospital and at the University of Malta. He was appointed Surgeon in the Royal Navy in 1870, and was promoted Staff Surgeon in December, 1872. He was appointed to the *Activ

Theodor Kocher, a native of Berne, is remarkable in having remained in his native place throughout his life. Born in 1841, he graduated at the University of Berne in 1865 and studied further in Vienna and in Berlin, and he also visited London and Paris. Following G A Luecke he was appointed Professo

Born at Rotenburg-on-Fulda, in Hesse, on February 10th, 1832, the son of the medical attendant of the Landgrave. He graduated MD at the University of Marburg in 1855, in particular being a pupil of W Roser. After serving as assistant in the Surgical Clinic he studied in Berlin - surgery under Langen

Born at Castéra-Verduzan (Gers) in Gascony, the son of a local practitioner. He studied medicine in Paris, becoming interne in 1863, and serving under Jarjavay, Denonvilliers, Gosselin, and Cusco. He graduated MD in 1867 with a thesis on the internal circulation of the heart. Based on his own resear