Born at Dunse, in Scotland. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh, and went to America in 1830, where he studied medicine in the University Medical School, New York. Here he took his degree, devoting his time to the study and teaching of anatomy, in which subject he obtained a considerable

The son of a Birmingham surgeon. He received his professional training at Queen's College, where he was afterwards Professor of Anatomy. He practised in Colmore Row, Birmingham, and was appointed Assistant Surgeon, and in 1863 became Surgeon, to the Queen's Hospital. Some years later he exchanged th