Born at Ystradyfodwg, Glamorgan, on 19 September 1871, eldest child of William Griffith Howell, Inspector of Schools, and his wife Miriam Williams. He was educated at Christ College, Brecon, and Guy's Hospital, where he served as house surgeon and obstetric resident. He then took the house surgeoncy

Born on 30 April 1868 at Batley, Yorkshire, son of Canon Brian Christopherson, later Rector of Falmouth, Christopherson was educated at Newcastle-upon-Tyne Grammar School, Clifton College, Caius College, Cambridge and St Bartholomew's Hospital. After qualifying in 1893 he continued his studies at Vi