Born in Bengal, Nripendra Nandi qualified from the National Medical School of Calcutta in 1959 and after junior posts did postgraduate work in Delhi, where he obtained the MS. He came to England and studied for the FRCS, working for a time as a locum consultant surgeon in Ards Hospital, Newtownards,

John Turner Ward, the son of Richard Fowler Ward, a surgeon, and of Mary Lilian (née Turner), a physiotherapist, was born at Ipswich, Suffolk, on 31 October 1932. His paternal grandfather had also been a surgeon in Ipswich. He was educated at Epsom College and Queen's University, Belfast, where he g