Born at St Albans, Herts, 3 November 1853, the only son of George Hogarth Makins, MRCS, and his wife Sarah Ellis. His father practised medicine at Walton-on-Thames and was Master of the Society of Apothecaries in 1889, but his chief interests lay in chemistry and metallurgy. He was at one time profe

Born at Canterbury on 23 December 1853, the second son of Major Thomas Manders, 6th Dragoon Guards, and his wife, née Hacking. He was educated at Marlborough College, at St Mary's Hospital, at the Beaujon Hospital in Paris, and in Brussels. He acted as house surgeon at the Kent and Canterbury Hospit