Born at Preston, and received his medical education at the Borough School and Guy's Hospital. He settled in general practice in Manchester in 1834, and in 1847, when an alarming and disastrous epidemic of typhus raged there, was the general superintendent of the extensive arrangements made for checking the progress of the disease. In 1866, when the cholera threatened a renewed visitation, he was once more consulted. In 1859 he declined a County Magistracy offered him by the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. He practised at 32 Ardwick Green, after leaving Piccadilly, Manchester, to which latterly he returned. He was Medical Officer of the Manchester Union, Vice-President of the Manchester Medical Society, President of the Manchester Statistical Society, a Member of Council of the Provincial Medical Association, and President of the Lancashire and Cheshire Branch of the British Medical Association. He was also Visiting Physician to the Clifden Hall Retreat and Consulting Physician to the Manchester Ear Institute, and to the Wye House Lunatic Asylum, Buxton. He died on January 12th, 1885. His last address was at 258 Oxford Road, Manchester. Publications:- *An Essay on the Means, Physical and Moral, of Estimating Human Character*, 8vo, Manchester, 1835. *Facts and Observations relative to the Influence of Manufactures upon Health and Life*, 8vo, London, 1843. "On Mesmerism." - *Brit and For Med-Chir Rev*, 1845, xix, 428. *The Brain and its Physiology*, a critical disquisition on the methods of determining the relations between the structure and functions of the encephalon, 8vo, London, 1846. *Wat is waar, wat onwaar in het dierlijk magmetisme? Kritische beschouwing der mesmerische daadzacken en theorien. Uit het Engeloch vertaald door. J N Ramaer*, 8vo, Zutphen, 1847. "On the Question of Contagion in Cholera," 8vo, London, 1849; reprinted from *Lond Med Gaz*, 1849, ns viii, 141. *Elements of Psychological Medicine*, an introduction to the practical study of insanity, adapted for students and junior practitioners, 12mo, London, 1853; 2nd ed, 8vo, London, 1855. "Three Lectures on the Correlation of Psychology and Physiology," 8vo, London, 1854; reprinted from *Assoc Med Jour*, 1854, 586, etc; 2nd ed, 1855. *The Human Mind in its Relations with the Brain and Nervous System*, 8vo, London, 1858. "On Certain Popular Fallacies concerning the Production of Diseases," 8vo, Manchester, 1859; reprinted from *Trans Manchester Statist Soc*, 1863-4. "On Fluctuations in the Death-rate, with a Glance at the Causes, having Especial Reference to the Supposed Influence of the Cotton Famine on Recent Mortality" (read before the Manchester Statistical Society, Oct 26, 1863), 8vo, London, 1863; reprinted from *Trans Manchester Statist Soc*, 1863-4. "Thoughts on the Value and Significance of Statistics," 8vo, London, 1866; reprinted from *Trans Manchester Statist Soc*, 1865-6. "Epidemic Fever of 1847." - *Ibid*, 1848, i, 285. "Cerebrospinal Concussion, with Illustrative Cases." - *Assoc Med Jour*, 1855, 1127.