Ernest James England was a consultant urological surgeon at the Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia. He was born in Bunbury, Western Australia, on 26 May 1927. His father, Ernest Roy England, was a bus driver who had served at Gallipoli and in France during the First World War; his mother, Bessi

Gerald Francis 'Joe' Murnaghan, Professor of Surgery at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, can be said to have been the father of upper tract urodynamics, although his work and influence extended far beyond this important area. He was born on 20 September at St Helen's, Lancashire, the son o