Bill Cleland was a pioneering thoracic surgeon who helped develop open heart surgery in London in the 1950s. He was born in Sydney, New South Wales, on 30 May 1912, the son of Sir John Burton Cleland, professor of pathology at the University of Adelaide, and Dora Isabel Robson. He was proud to be th

Maurice Ewing, first professor of surgery at Melbourne University, was born in Edinburgh on 6 July 1912, the youngest of four sons of Thomas Miller Ewing, master mariner, who, like his father and grandfather, was a captain in the Northern Lighthouse Service, and his wife Annabel Rossie. He was educa