Martin Horowitz was educated at Cambridge and did his clinical studies in Manchester. After junior posts he specialized in ENT surgery, becoming lecturer and senior registrar at the University of Liverpool. He was appointed to the North Riding Infirmary, Middlesbrough, where he became the senior con

Brian Hardcastle was an ENT surgeon in private practice in Gainesville, Florida. He was born in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, on 14 March 1925, the only son of Francis Beaumont Hardcastle, a pharmacist, and his wife, Florence May née Boothroyd, a builder’s daughter. He was educated at Paddock Elementary