Born on 18 January 1865, the eldest child of John Heygate Vernon, an architect, and Caroline Miller, his wife. He was educated at Mill Hill School and at St George's Hospital, where he gained the W Brown exhibition, serving as house surgeon, demonstrator of anatomy and physiology, and clinical assis

Born on 1 July 1915, Lord Leverhulme was the grandson of the first Viscount, who began as a grocer and built up Lever Brothers as a worldwide business, establishing soap factories all over the world and pioneering the development of West Africa and the Congo. Philip Leverhulme was educated at Eton a

Born in London on 29 May 1872, fourth son of the Very Rev the Hon William Henry Fremantle, Dean of Ripon, and Isabella, his wife, daughter of Sir Culling Eardley, 3rd Baronet, the religious philanthropist (for whom see *DNB*). The Dean was the second son of Thomas Francis Fremantle, 1st Lord Cottesl