Colin Frederic Chapple was born and educated in Adelaide, South Australia, qualifying in 1936 and after a year in junior appointments came to England to study surgery. Within two years he had passed the FRCS Edinburgh and during the war years spent a short time with the Emergency Medical Service bef

Harold John Hambury was born of Jewish parents on 8 December 1910 in the German city of Stargard, Pomerania. He studied medicine at Heidelberg, Berlin, Munich, and Hamburg, where he qualified in 1934. Owing to Nazi persecution he went to England in 1937 with little money and little knowledge of Engl