Sundram Pillai studied medicine at the Westminster Hospital and Guy's. He passed the Conjoint Diploma in 1939 and the FRCS in 1949. He was outpatients' officer to Moorfields Eye Hospital, senior house surgeon to the Kent County Ophthalmic Hospital, Maidstone, and ophthalmic registrar to the Swansea

Douglas Arthur Langley was a consultant ophthalmic surgeon at the Royal Northern and Whittington hospitals in London. He was born on 18 April 1917 at Woolwich, London, to Arthur Langley, an Army officer, and Laura Elizabeth née Webber. He was educated at Cottingham College, Plumstead, and Woolwich C

Mary was born in 1911, the elder daughter of Howard and Mary Bodley Savory. Her medical education was at Cambridge and University College Hospital, and her ophthalmic training as SHO and registrar at Royal Eye and Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospitals. She held a BMA research scholarship in 1946 and

Robert Jack was born on 6 October 1914 in Darjeeling, India. His father, Sir Robert Jack, was a High Court Judge in Calcutta and his mother was Bertha Innerarity, née Shalcross. His boyhood and schooling, which was divided between Clifton and Cheltenham, were marked by long separations from his pare

James Hudson was an ophthalmic surgeon at Moorfields in London. He was born on 15 February 1916 in New Britain, Connecticut, USA. His father, William Shand, was a mechanical engineer and farmer. His mother was Ethel Summerskill. He was educated in Massachusetts, at Winchester County Day School and t