Andrew Hallidie Smith, who between 1885 and 1890 took the surname of Hallidie, was born at Richmond, Surrey on 23 June 1862, the third child and second son of Archibald Smith, engineer, and his wife *née* Reece. He was educated at King's College School, London, and at King's College, Cambridge. Hall

Born 23 December 1859 at Croft House, Stanhope in Weardale, Durham, the son of Richardson Robinson, the local builder, and his wife, who was of Scotch descent and Huguenot extraction. Educated at the Barrington Village School and at the Newcastle-upon-Tyne Modern School, he entered the University of