Educated at the Middlesex Hospital, where he was obstetric house physician, and in Brussels, he was a clinical assistant at the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital and specialised as an ophthalmologist. He practised at Trealaw, Rhondda, Glamorgan, South Wales and was ophthalmic surgeon to the Urban Dis

Educated at the Newcastle Medical School (University of Durham) and Guy's Hospital, he joined the resident staff of the Sussex County Hospital, Brighton. He went back to Newcastle-on-Tyne in 1901 as assistant surgeon to the Northumberland and Durham Eye Infirmary, but returned to Brighton in 1907 as

Born 3 November 1871 at 8 Bonner's Lane, Bethnal Green, the second child of Edwin Josiah Toye, chemist, and Jane Buggel, his wife. He entered St Bartholomew's Hospital in 1890, where he had a brilliant career. He won the junior and the senior scholarships, and was ophthalmic house surgeon under Henr

Born 19 March 1871, at Stanhope, Durham, eldest child of the Rev G W Butler, of Broadmayne with West Knighton, Dorset, and his wife Elizabeth Oldfield, adopted daughter of the Rev George Harrison. He was educated at Dorchester Grammar School, at St Paul's School, where he was an exhibitioner, and at

Born 4 November 1868, the sixth child and third son of Arthur Lister (1830-1908), FRS, merchant and botanist, and his wife, née Tindall. Arthur Lister was a younger brother of Joseph Lister, and William grew up in the centre of a most gifted medico-scientific family, comparable only to the Darwins.