Jan Nielubowicz was professor of surgery at the Insitute of Surgery at the Hospital of the Infant Jesus in Warsaw. He was born in German-occupied Warsaw during the First World War on 28 October 1915, the son of Kazimierz and Wanda Nielubowicz. He came from a medical family: his father was a surgeon

Norman Shumway was the father of cardiac transplantation and performed the world’s first heart-lung transplant. Unlike some of his contemporaries who sought the limelight, Shumway spent a decade carrying out research into cardiac transplantation before he was ready to do the operation on a live reci