Ernest James England was a consultant urological surgeon at the Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia. He was born in Bunbury, Western Australia, on 26 May 1927. His father, Ernest Roy England, was a bus driver who had served at Gallipoli and in France during the First World War; his mother, Bessi

Bob Williams was a distinguished urological surgeon based in Leeds. He was born on 18 December 1927 in Motherwell, Lanarkshire, the son of Robert Williams, a steelworker, and Janet McNeil. He was educated at Dalziel High School, Motherwell, and Glasgow Medical School. After house jobs in Glasgow he