William Dawson MacDonald was born in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada, on 27 April 1931, the elder of two sons of William Grant MacDonald, a doctor of medicine, and Edith Christie MacDonald née Dawson. He was educated at Victoria Public School, and then the Kitchener-Waterloo Collegiate Institute and the

Norman Walter Nisbet was a former director of research at the Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Hospital, Oswestry. He was born in Edinburgh on 23 March 1909, the son of a science master. He first qualified as a dentist, but abandoned dentistry in favour of medicine. After completing his training in ge

Sir Robert Shields enjoyed a distinguished career in surgery and in academic and health service administration. He was professor of surgery and chairman of the department of surgery and honorary consultant to the Royal Liverpool University and Broadgreen hospitals from 1969 to 1996. His unit was int

A former Professor of Surgery at Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Sir Ian McAdam played a leading part in establishing the high reputation of the Makerere Medical School. He was born in the small town of Parys, South Africa, near the Rhodesian border, the son of W J McAdam, a mining engineer, a

Chee Yong Tan was living in Singapore when he died in April 1979 survived by his wife Anne.

Arthur Thomas, born 12 April 1936 in Durham, was the second child of Professor David Winton Thomas, Regius Professor of Hebrew, Cambridge University, and Edith (Higgins) and, as might be expected, was educated at Cambridge, beginning in the King's College Choir School, then The Leys School and final

From Cambridge, Ralph Nottidge did his clinical studies at St Bartholomew's Hospital, where he was house physician, surgeon, and surgical registrar. He then worked as a medical officer in the Jane Furse Memorial Hospital in the Transvaal, South Africa, before returning to take up general practice in

Colin Skelton was born in Christchurch, New Zealand, on 31 March 1935 and educated at Christchurch West High School and Otago Medical School. After house appointments at Christchurch Hospital and Grey Hospital, Greymouth, he became surgical registrar at Christchurch Hospital and then came to England

Clive Stephenson was born in Wellington, New Zealand, on 12 November 1933 and was educated at Scots College. He studied medicine at Wellington, where he qualified in 1957, held house posts and was a surgical registrar. After a year demonstrating anatomy in Otago, he went to London in 1962 to speci

Christopher Tiwari was educated at Agra University and at the SW Medical College, Agra, gaining a BSc in 1947 and qualifying MB BS in 1952. After qualification he was a demonstrator in pathology at his medical college, before coming to Britain and gaining his Fellowship. Thereafter he held registrar