Born at Bahia, in Brazil, on March 4th, 1863; he was the second son of Emilie Kanthack, at one time British Consul at Pará, Brazil. As a child he was somewhat weakly, and his sole recreation was swimming, but, coming with his family to England in 1881, he became an athlete and in time an excellent f

Born at Exeter, 22 April 1863, the eldest son of Captain Alexander Foulerton of HM Indian Navy. He was educated at Kensington School and studied medicine at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. In 1884 he served as assistant house surgeon at St Bartholomew's Hospital, Chatham, when A W Nankivell was h

Born on 18 October 1899 at Dalmuir, near Glasgow into a seafaring family, Robert Scarff moved to London at the age of six when his father obtained a post ashore at Tilbury. Robert was educated at the City of London School and the Middlesex Hospital and he qualified with the Conjoint Diploma in 1924,

Jean Pringle (née Rankin) was head of the department of morbid anatomy at the Institute of Orthopaedics, London. She was born on 30 August 1936 to parents who were relatively elderly. Her mother was a teacher and her father was head of the technical college in Coatbridge, Scotland. He was over 60 at

Born in 1867 he was educated at St Bartholomew's Hospital, where he was a junior scholar in 1901, and won the Walsham prize and the Lawrence scholarship and gold medal in 1905, the year of his qualification. He served as house surgeon at St Bartholomew's, and was subsequently casualty officer, regis

Herbert Wilberforce Perkins was doubly qualified in surgery and dental surgery. He was the third son of a silk weaver, William Perkins, and his wife Eleanor (Whitworth). Born in London on 29 January 1881 he was educated at Dame Owen's (Brewers' Company) School, London, and at the Middlesex and Royal

Cuthbert Dukes, the son of a Congregational minister, was born on 24 July 1890 at Bridgwater, Somerset. He was educated at Caterham School and the University of Edinburgh and graduated in 1914. He served in the RAMC throughout the first world war attached to the Rifle Brigade, and was awarded the OB

Howard Walter Florey was born on 24 September 1898 at Adelaide. He was educated at St Peter's Collegiate School and at Adelaide University where he graduated in medicine in 1921. He then came to Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar and worked under Sherrington, obtaining a First in the Honour School of Physio

Donald Brian Cater was born on 14 September 1908 in Oundle, Northampton, the second son of a Congregationalist minister, Frederick Ives Cater, and his wife Emmeline (née Rayner). He was educated at Kathaleen Lady Berkley's Grammar School, Wotton-under-Edge and Caterham School, Surrey, before proceed

James Brendan Lynch was a consultant pathologist at St James’ Hospital, Leeds and formerly professor of pathology at the University of Khartoum, Sudan. He was born on 9 May 1921 in Wallasey, Cheshire, the third child and second son of Thomas Patrick Lynch, a teacher and headmaster, and Margaret Lync

Arnold Levene was a pathologist at the Royal Marsden Hospital who developed the technique of frozen section, meaning tissue samples could be analysed during operations. He was born on 7 December 1924 in Kingston upon Hull, the son of Solomon Levene, a Polish immigrant who became a commercial travell

Rupert Allan Willis, the elder of two sons of Benjamin James Willis, a banker, was born on 24 December 1898 at Yarram, Victoria, Australia. His mother, Mary Elizabeth Giles (née James), was the daughter of a congregational minister, and his younger brother, James Hamlyn Willis, was a well-known bota