Ronald Thomas Todd was the senior surgeon at Ipswich Hospital, Queensland, Australia. He was born in Brisbane on 16 January 1925, the eldest son of Frederick Edmund Todd, an optometrist, and Rose Emma Todd née Thomas, a business secretary. He attended the Church of England Grammar School, Brisbane,

Griffith John Griffiths was born in Barry on 23 September 1901. He was educated at Barry County School and Cardiff University before qualifying from the Middlesex Hospital. He was then in the Royal Air Force Medical Branch for three years on a short service commission in Egypt and Iraq before return

Peter Willoughby Ingram was born in Muswell Hill, London, on 30 August 1910, the son of a general practitioner surgeon. His early education was at Highgate School and his pre-clinical studies were at Cambridge University. He graduated BA in 1931 and went to Aberdeen for his clinical studies, qualify

John Bulman was born on 5 March 1911, in Burnopfield, Co Durham, the second child and first son of Harrison Francis Bulman, a mining engineer, and of his wife Norah (née Jones). His uncle was Beresford Jones, FRCS, surgeon to the Kent and Canterbury Hospital. After preparatory school in Warwicksh

James Warne Ardagh, son of Patrick Augustine Ardagh, CBE, DSO, MC, a surgeon, and Lily Hebe Anderson (née Lowick), was born in Christchurch, New Zealand, on 5 December 1920. After education at Loreto College and Christ's College, Christchurch, he entered the University of Otago in 1940 and graduated

John (Jack) Trengove Jones was born in Paarl, South Africa, on 20 February 1918, and was educated at Rondebosch Boys' High School and the University of Cape Town. He obtained his MB ChB at the beginning of the second world war, and later served with the South African Medical Corps in Egypt, at Sprin

Eric Vernon was born on 29 November, 1909, in Marple, Cheshire, the son of Arthur Vernon, furnisher and antique dealer. He was educated at Stockport Secondary School (Hallam Scholar) and Manchester University where he graduated BSc in 1930 and MB, ChB in 1933, winning prizes for pathology and paedia

Gilbert Charrington Wellish was born in Sydney, Australia, on 1 January 1893, the youngest of four children. No details of his parents are available but it is known that several members of the family practised surgery and one nephew was a pathologist. After graduating from Sydney University in 1916

Bernard Graham Scholefield was born at Blackheath on 7 May 1899, the only son of Robert Ernest Scholefield, a general practitioner who had held a Radcliffe Travelling Fellowship from Oxford. His mother, Elizabeth Graham (née Marshall), was daughter of a former Vicar of Blackheath and Canon of Roches

Laurence Edgar Davison was born in London on 4 April 1907, the son of Edgar Knights, a master tailor, and Katherine, née Davison. His early education was at Cheltonia College and later at Dulwich College before entering Middlesex Hospital Medical School, qualifying in 1931. During house appointments

Frederick (Fritz) Kohn was born of Jewish parents on 22 May 1892 in Komotau in North West Bohemia, the son of a horse dealer and his early education was at the local gymnasium (grammar school), where he was taught by Cistercian monks. In 1910 he went to Prague for medical studies at the German Karl

Robert Gerrett Reid, the son of the Rev Dr James Reid, DD, a Presbyterian Minister and well-known preacher, and of Isa Reid (née Gerrett), a school mistress, was born at Oban, Scotland, on 21 September 1909. He was educated at Roborough School, Eastbourne, the Leys School, Cambridge, and Guy's Hospi