John Turner Ward, the son of Richard Fowler Ward, a surgeon, and of Mary Lilian (née Turner), a physiotherapist, was born at Ipswich, Suffolk, on 31 October 1932. His paternal grandfather had also been a surgeon in Ipswich. He was educated at Epsom College and Queen's University, Belfast, where he g

Richard Hugh Carruthers was born on 6 September 1926 in Rotherham, Yorkshire, the first son of Hugh Boyton Carruthers, BA Cantab, a draper, and Constance Mary, a physiotherapist, daughter of Richard Reece Hardwicke, MRCS, LRCP, a surgeon born in 1859. He was educated at Chantry Mount Preparatory Sch

Robert Price Davies ("Bob") studied chemistry in Manchester after doing his National Service. Changing to medicine he did house jobs at Manchester Royal Infirmary and became an anatomy demonstrator. Awarded a Geigy research fellowship he trained both in the north west and in Bristol and passed the M

Born in Bengal, Nripendra Nandi qualified from the National Medical School of Calcutta in 1959 and after junior posts did postgraduate work in Delhi, where he obtained the MS. He came to England and studied for the FRCS, working for a time as a locum consultant surgeon in Ards Hospital, Newtownards,