Search Results for Medical Obituaries - Narrowed by: Pathologist

First Title value, for Searching Lowe, David George (1952 - 2022)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2022-10-13
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E010000-E010999/E010100-E010199
Occupation Pathologist
Details David George Lowe was a professor of surgical pathology at St Bartholomew’s and the Royal London School of Medicine. This is a draft obituary. If you have any information about this surgeon or are interested in writing this obituary, please email lives@rcseng.ac.uk
Resource Identifier RCS: E010166
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
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First Title value, for Searching Lynch, James Brendan (1921 - 2018)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Sarah Gillam
Publication Date 2019-03-04
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E009000-E009999/E009500-E009599
Occupation Pathologist
Details James Brendan Lynch was a consultant pathologist at St James’ Hospital, Leeds and formerly professor of pathology at the University of Khartoum, Sudan. He was born on 9 May 1921 in Wallasey, Cheshire, the third child and second son of Thomas Patrick Lynch, a teacher and headmaster, and Margaret Lynch née Pierce. He attended local schools in Wallasey and St Francis Xavier Grammar School in Liverpool and then went to the University of Liverpool to study medicine, qualifying in 1944. He was a house surgeon and senior casualty officer at Liverpool Royal Infirmary, lectured in anatomy at the University of Leeds, and then served in the Army. He was a registrar in general surgery at the Royal Southern Hospital, Liverpool and gained his FRCS in 1950. During his training he was influenced by Henry Clarence Wardleworth Nuttall and Richard Webster Doyle, both surgeons in Liverpool. He was subsequently a lecturer in pathology at the University of Leeds. Lynch then went to the University of Khartoum, where he founded the department of pathology. By the mid 1960s, he had returned to the UK: in March 1964 he gave a Hunterian Lecture at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on ‘Mycetoma in the Sudan’ (*Ann R Coll Surg Engl*. 1964 Dec;35[6]:319-40). He was appointed as a consultant pathologist in Leeds, where he was also dean for postgraduate medical education. He was the co-author of *Pathology of toxaemia in pregnancy* Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1973. Outside medicine he enjoyed golf, reading, DIY and silver craftmanship. In 1957 he married Jacqueline Fitzgerald. They had two sons. James Lynch died on 24 August 2018 at the age of 97.
Resource Identifier RCS: E009583
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
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Publication Date 1969

First Title value, for Searching Ackerley, Anthony George (1925 - 1997)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Tina Craig
Publication Date 2016-10-27 2019-12-03
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E009000-E009999/E009200-E009299
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/381439381439
Occupation Pathologist
Details Anthony George Ackerley was a consultant pathologist in Leicester. Born in Wolstanton, Staffordshire on 3 February 1925, he was the only child of George Ackerley, a schoolmaster and his wife Ethel née Edge. She was the daughter of Andrew Edge, a shoemaker who was to become Burgess of the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme. After attending Watlands Infant School and Ellison Street Junior School in Wolstanton he finished his education at Newcastle-under-Lyme High School for boys which he attended from 1935 to 1943. He went up to Emmanuel College Cambridge with a scholarship and graduated MB BChir in 1950. Having obtained a Burney Yeo scholarship he trained at King’s College Hospital where he was house surgeon in ENT from 1949 to 1950, house pathologist the following year and then demonstrator in anatomy at Cambridge. Among surgeons who particularly mentored him during these years were Sir Victor Negus, Terence Cawthorne, Henry Harris and W M Davidson. For his National Service he served in the RAMC from 1951 to 1953 as an ENT specialist at Millbank Military Hospital. On demobilisation he became a junior assistant pathologist at Addenbrooke’s Hospital and passed the fellowship of the college in 1954. Moving to Sheffield in 1956 he worked as a senior registrar in pathology until 1961 when he became a consultant pathologist in Leicester. At the Leicester School of Speech Therapy he was also a visiting lecturer in anatomy and physiology. As a student at Cambridge he won his college colours for rugby and cricket and continued on to play for King’s when he lived in London. On 24 January 1953 he married Sylvia Woodbridge who was also a qualified doctor and they had four sons the eldest of whom took up medicine. He died in February 1997.
Resource Identifier RCS: E009256
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
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First Title value, for Searching Ogilvy, Ian Howard ( - 1980)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2015-02-18
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E006000-E006999/E006800-E006899
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/379012379012
Occupation General surgeon Pathologist
Details Ian Howard Ogilvy was resident junior medical officer at the Royal Melbourne Hospital in 1943 and progressed to senior medical officer and then to assistant surgeon in 1952. He was honorary surgeon to the Austin Hospital and the Footscray and District Hospital from 1952 to 1957, assistant surgeon at the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne 1952-57 and the Royal Children's Hospital 1953-58, and from 1957 to 1972 honorary surgeon to outpatients at the Alfred Hospital. During this time he held various posts at the University of Melbourne, becoming clinical supervisor 1948-50, lecturer in pathology in 1952 and demonstrator in surgery. He served in the RAAF in the second world war with the rank of Flight Lieutenant. He was Gordon Craig Research Scholar of the RACS in 1950 and was a member of the AMA. He died on 19 August 1980 at Melbourne.
Resource Identifier RCS: E006829
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
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First Title value, for Searching Morson, Basil Clifford (1921 - 2016)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Sarah Gillam
Publication Date 2016-11-21 2019-04-25
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E009000-E009999/E009200-E009299
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/381469381469
Occupation Pathologist
Details Basil Morson was a consultant pathologist at St Mark’s Hospital, London and a pioneer of gastrointestinal pathology. He was born in Hampstead, London, one of three sons. His father, Albert Clifford Morson, was a urologist; his mother was Adela Frances Maud Morson née Phene. Through his father, he was related to the 19th century chemist Thomas Newborn Robert Morson, who co-founded the Pharmaceutical Society and pioneered the manufacture of drugs, particularly the opium group. Basil Morton was educated at Beaumont College, Berkshire and Wadham College, Oxford. He then served in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve as a sub lieutenant from 1943 to 1946, where he studied diving physiology. Following his demobilisation, he qualified in 1949 from the Middlesex Hospital Medical School with the conjoint examination. He held house surgeon posts at the Middlesex and the Central Middlesex hospitals, and subsequently became an assistant pathologist at the Bland-Sutton Institute of Pathology at the Middlesex Hospital. From 1952 to 1956 he was a morbid histologist at Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood. He was then appointed as a consultant pathologist at St Mark’s and later became director of the research department there. He was also a senior lecturer in pathology at the Postgraduate Medical School of London, Hammersmith. From 1976, he was a consultant in pathology in the Royal Navy. He retired in 1986. In the 1960s, with Sir Hugh Lockhart-Mummery, he described the special features of colonic Crohn’s disease, and in 1967 demonstrated the histological appearances of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis. He also made significant contributions to the understanding of the adenoma carcinoma sequence. Following the introduction of endoscopy, he pioneered the pathological interpretation of endoscopic biopsies. With Ian Dawson, he wrote the influential first textbook on *Gastrointestinal pathology* (Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications, first edition 1972), popularly known as ‘Morson and Dawson’. He was president of the proctology section of the Royal Society of Medicine (from 1973 to 1974) and of the British Society of Gastroenterology (from 1979 to 1980), and treasurer and vice president of the Royal College of Pathologists. Outside medicine, he enjoyed gardening, ornithology, skiing and tennis. In 1950 he married Pamela Elizabeth Gilbert. They had a son, Christopher, two daughters, Caroline and Clare, and a grandson, Sevrin. They divorced in 1982 and he married Sylvia Dutton. He was predeceased by both wives.
Resource Identifier RCS: E009286
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
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First Title value, for Searching Friedmann, Imrich (1907 - 2002)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Neil Weir
Publication Date 2015-10-29 2016-05-12
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E008000-E008999/E008600-E008699
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/380790380790
Occupation ENT pathologist Histopathologist Pathologist
Details Born in Czechoslovakia in 1907, Imrich Friedmann became a pathologist in chief in Zlin in 1936. Three years later, when Czechoslovakia was occupied by the Nazis, he escaped to England and obtained English qualifications in 1942. A year later, he was called up for military service in the Free Czech Army. He returned to Czechoslovakia at the end of the war, but was forced to flee again when it was invaded by the Communists. He was appointed to the Institute of Laryngology and Otology in 1949, where he became acknowledged as the founding father of ear, nose and throat pathology and was made professor of pathology at the Institute in 1963. He retired from this chair in 1972 and was appointed visiting histopathologist at Northwick Park Hospital. A lover of music, he played the violin in the Three Hospitals Orchestra, under the direction of Norman Del Mar and later the Hospitals Symphony Orchestra under Sir Colin Davis. He married Joan Drew in 1943. He died on 11 July 2002. See below for an amended version of the published obituary: Imrich Friedmann was the founding father of modern ear, nose and throat pathology. Having qualified MD in Prague in 1931, he became a specialist in pathology in Bratislava, and at the onset of the Second World War was pathologist-in-chief at Zlin. His escape from Czechoslovakia via Holland was aided by an American Quaker mission, which helped him to obtain a British visa. He arrived in London on 30 April 1939 and briefly worked at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and in the department of pathology at the Royal Free Hospital Medical School. In January 1940, he was fortunate to be selected from among a number of doctors from Czechoslovakia for admission to University College Medical School, where he qualified MRCS LRCP in 1942. He was then appointed as a demonstrator and Turner research fellow at the department of pathology, Hammersmith Hospital. In 1943 he met and married Joan Drew, but it was not long before he was called up by the Free Czech Army medical mission as a pathologist. He was flown by the RAF to Tehran, transported by the Red Army to Baku and then by train to Košice, where he took over the pathology department of the state hospital. His task was to reconstruct and update the department. He was joined by Joan at the end of the Second World War, but in 1948 they were obliged by the Communist takeover to return to the UK. An appointment as assistant pathologist to the newly formed Institute of Laryngology and Otology, London, was the start of his international career. He became reader and director of the pathology department in 1952, and in 1963 was promoted to professor of pathology at the University of London. He contributed the chapter on ENT pathology in three editions of *Systemic pathology*(London, Longmans, 1966; Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1978; Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1986). *Pathology of the ear* (Oxford, Blackwell Scientific), perhaps his most famous book, was published in 1974. His particular interest was in the field of electron microscopy of the inner ear. Friedmann was a member of the Collegium (CORLAS), the international group of academic otorhinolaryngologists, and lectured all over the world on the pathology of deafness and granulomas in the head and neck. Freidmann received many awards, including Semon lectureship of the University of London (1970), the McBride lectureship of the University of Edinburgh (1980), and the gold medal of the Slovakian Academy of Arts and Sciences. His election to the fellowship of our College in 1979 gave him great pleasure. On his retirement in 1972, he became emeritus professor of pathology and at the same time a visiting histopathologist to Northwick Park and Mount Vernon hospitals, where he continued to work one day a week until he reached his early 90s. Imrich Friedmann played the violin in two medical orchestras - the Three Hospitals Orchestra, under the direction of Norman Del Mar, and subsequently the Hospitals Symphony Orchestra, under the baton of Sir Colin Davis. When he died on 11 July 2002 at the age of 95 he was survived by his wife, Joan.
Resource Identifier RCS: E008607
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
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First Title value, for Searching Shaw, Ernest Henry (1867 - 1956)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-06-04
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E005000-E005999/E005400-E005499
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/377588377588
Occupation Pathologist
Details Born in 1867 he was educated at St Bartholomew's Hospital, where he was a junior scholar in 1901, and won the Walsham prize and the Lawrence scholarship and gold medal in 1905, the year of his qualification. He served as house surgeon at St Bartholomew's, and was subsequently casualty officer, registrar, and pathologist at the Metropolitan Hospital. He settled in practice in North London and was pathologist to the Royal Northern Hospital, and the Hornsey, Southgate, and Wood Green hospitals. He died at Fortis Green, N10 on 26 September 1956 aged 89. Publications: The immediate microscopic diagnosis of tumours at the time of operation. *Lancet* 1910, 2, 939 and 1923, 1, 218. Action of radium and x-rays on malignant growth. *Brit med J* 1912, 2, 373. Carcinoma of the vermiform appendix. *Brit J Surg* 1925, 13, 130.
Resource Identifier RCS: E005405
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
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First Title value, for Searching Sissons, Hubert Armand (1920 - 2008)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Sarah Gillam
Publication Date 2011-11-29 2015-05-22
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E001000-E001999/E001600-E001699
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/373825373825
Occupation Pathologist
Details Hubert Armand Sissons was chairman of the department of pathology at the Hospital for Joint Diseases and the Orthopedic Institute, New York. He was born in Melbourne, Australia, the son of Alfred Thomas Stanley Sissons, dean of the Victorian College of Pharmacy, Melbourne, and Jessie Taylor Sissons née Tope. He was educated at Scotch College, Melbourne, and then gained a government senior scholarship to study medicine at the University of Melbourne. He qualified MB BS in 1944. He became an assistant pathologist and then acting pathologist at the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, and worked closely with Rupert Willis, who encouraged Sissons to investigate bone pathology. Whilst at the Alfred, Sissons co-authored an influential article, published in the *Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology*, the first paper to describe *Mycobacterium ulcerans* infection, now known as a disease of worldwide importance ('A new mycobacterial infection of man', *J Pathol Bacteriol*. 1948 Jan;60[1]:93-122). In 1946 Sissons went to the UK as a Prophit research scholar, to work with Willis, who had become the Sir William Collins professor in human and comparative pathology at the Royal College of Surgeons. Sissons' task was to make a histological assessment of every tumour added to the pathological department of the museum. In 1949 Sissons was appointed head of the newly-established department of morbid anatomy at the University of London's Postgraduate Medical Federation's Institute of Orthopaedics at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital. He remained at the institute for 30 years, becoming professor of morbid anatomy in 1972. From 1951 to 1952 Sissons studied with Hermann Lisco at Northwestern University in Chicago, USA. He also visited Henry L Jaffe in New York, then one of the leading bone pathologists in the United States. Over the following years he made frequent trips to the USA, and eventually succeeded Jaffe as chairman of the department of pathology and laboratory medicine at the Hospital for Joint Diseases and the Orthopedic Institute. In New York he helped establish the New York Bone Club, where researchers could meet to discuss and exchange ideas. Sissons returned to the UK in 1990 and finished his career at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories. He wrote 68 papers in refereed journals. He was co-author, with F Schajowicz and L V Ackerman, of the World Health Organization's (WHO) standard reference publication *Histological typing of bone tumours* (Geneva, WHO, 1972) and co-author (with Ronald O Murray and H B S Kemp) of the leading textbook of bone diseases, *Orthopaedic diagnosis: clinical, radiological and pathological coordinates* (Berlin, NY, Springer-Verlag, 1984). Sissons was president of the Association of Clinical Pathologists and the World Association of Societies of Pathology. He was a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons and the Royal College of Physicians, and was a foundation fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists. In 1945 Sissons married Patricia Mary née Lovett, a nurse. They had a son, John, and a daughter, Mary. Hubert Armand Sissons died on 13 September 2008, aged 87. Predeceased by his wife and son, he was survived by his daughter.
Resource Identifier RCS: E001642
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
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First Title value, for Searching Hobbs, John James Barclay ( - 1972)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-08-11
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E005000-E005999/E005700-E005799
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/377971377971
Occupation General surgeon Pathologist
Details John James Barclay Hobbs was educated at St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College and qualified with the Conjoint Diploma in 1949, graduating with the London MB, BS, the same year. After holding the post of orthopaedic and casualty house surgeon at the Luton and Dunstable Hospital he did his national service as a Flying Officer in the RAF medical branch. In 1955 Hobbs was a surgical registrar at the Hertford County Hospital and obtained the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. He had also held the post of resident assistant pathologist at the Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading. He then gained further experience as a surgical registrar at the Central Middlesex Hospital before emigrating to Australia where he worked in Perth for some years, but by 1965 he was back in Britain serving as a Squadron-Leader in the RAF medical branch. In 1967 he was awarded the MBE. He died suddenly on 20 July 1972 at the RAF Hospital, Broughton.
Resource Identifier RCS: E005788
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
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First Title value, for Searching Thackray, Alan Christopher (1914 - 2004)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2005-11-02
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E000000-E000999/E000100-E000199
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/372344372344
Occupation Pathologist
Details Alan Thackray was professor of morbid histology at the Middlesex Hospital and a notable authority on breast, salivary and renal tumours. He was educated at Cambridge University, from which he won the senior university scholarship to the Middlesex Hospital. After house jobs he specialised in pathology, working at the Bland-Sutton Institute. In 1948 he was placed in charge of the department of morbid anatomy and histology. He was appointed reader in 1951. In 1966 he was appointed to the newly created chair of morbid histology at London University. He resigned from the Bland-Sutton in 1974, but continued to work at the Florence Nightingale Hospital for another 10 years. He was one of the small group of eminent pathologists who were invited by the College and the Imperial Cancer Research Fund to set up a reference panel to whom difficult or interesting histological problems could be referred. A modest, reserved man, with great charm, he was a keen photographer and a knowledgeable gardener. He died after a short illness on 10 August 2004, leaving a son (Robert) and four grandchildren.
Resource Identifier RCS: E000157
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
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First Title value, for Searching Ashton, Norman Henry (1913 - 2000)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2015-10-13
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E008000-E008999/E008400-E008499
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/380637380637
Occupation Pathologist
Details Born on 11 September 1913, the second son of Henry James and Margaret Ann, Norman Henry Ashton was educated at the West Kensington Central School, King's College and Westminster Hospital. There he won the prize for bacteriology and was editor of the *Gazette*. After junior appointments, he specialised in pathology, was in charge of pathology in the Kent and Canterbury Hospital during the Blitz, and organised the blood transfusion service for Kent. He joined the RAMC to set up the blood transfusion service in the Middle East as a Lieutenant Colonel. After the second world war, he returned to be pathologist to the Gordon Hospital, and shortly afterwards to Moorfields. He made major contributions to the understanding of retinitis pigmentosa and diabetic retinopathy, for which he was recognised by the Royal Society and innumerable learned bodies all over the world. In his leisure time, he was master of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries and an honorary steward of Westminster Abbey, a devoted gardener and a talented painter. He died on 4 January 2000.
Resource Identifier RCS: E008454
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
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First Title value, for Searching Perkins, Herbert Wilberforce (1881 - 1978)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2015-02-25
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E006000-E006999/E006800-E006899
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/379038379038
Occupation Pathologist
Details Herbert Wilberforce Perkins was doubly qualified in surgery and dental surgery. He was the third son of a silk weaver, William Perkins, and his wife Eleanor (Whitworth). Born in London on 29 January 1881 he was educated at Dame Owen's (Brewers' Company) School, London, and at the Middlesex and Royal Dental Hospitals. He became house surgeon, demonstrator and hospital tutor at the Royal Dental Hospital and then turned to microbiology and pathology. He was assistant in the bacteriological laboratory, the Middlesex Hospital (1905-1911) and then became pathologist to Paddington Green Children's Hospital, Hampstead General Hospital and the Maida Vale Hospital from 1911 to 1945, excepting his service in two world wars. In the first world war he served as Captain RAMC, 1916-1921, and was a member of the Diseases Investigation Committee in France. During the second world war, as Major RAMC, 1940-1945, he served in the emergency vaccine laboratory in Tidworth, being engaged in the manufacture of all vaccines (typhoid, cholera, plague etc) for the British Army. He made various communications to the *Quarterly journal of medicine* and the *Lancet*. He remained a bachelor and died sometime in 1978.
Resource Identifier RCS: E006855
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
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First Title value, for Searching Costobadie, Lionel Palliser (1889 - 1977)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-11-25
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E006000-E006999/E006400-E006499
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/378603378603
Occupation General practitioner Pathologist
Details Born 25 October 1889, the son of H A Costobadie, Lionel Palliser Costobadie was educated at his father's old school, Haileybury College, Hertford, from 1905 to 1908. He went to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he took his BA with 1st class honours in the Natural Science Tripos. He then entered the London Hospital as Price Scholar. He qualified with the Conjoint Diploma in 1914, took a house surgeon post at the London and then joined the RAMC. He served from 1914 to 1919 in Gallipoli, France and India, with the rank of Captain. After the war he took his Cambridge MB BCh, and moved to general practice in Folkestone, where he became honorary pathologist to the Royal Victoria Hospital. He took his FRCS in 1920, but did not practise as a surgeon. In 1932 he married Aileen, daughter of G. B. Wildinson of Folkestone. On the outbreak of the second world war he moved with his wife to Newbury, where he became medical officer of health to the West Berks Districts from 1941 to 1952. His interests were archaeology and painting, and he was a member of the Field Club. He died early in 1977. There were no children.
Resource Identifier RCS: E006420
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
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First Title value, for Searching Bull, George Coulson Robins (1858 - 1952)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

First Title value, for Searching Cater, Donald Brian (1908 - 1984)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Sir Barry Jackson
Publication Date 2015-04-27 2018-05-24
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E007000-E007999/E007100-E007199
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/379345379345
Occupation Pathologist
Details Donald Brian Cater was born on 14 September 1908 in Oundle, Northampton, the second son of a Congregationalist minister, Frederick Ives Cater, and his wife Emmeline (née Rayner). He was educated at Kathaleen Lady Berkley's Grammar School, Wotton-under-Edge and Caterham School, Surrey, before proceeding to Queen's College, Cambridge as a foundation scholar. He took first class honours in the natural science tripos parts 1 and 2 and proceeded to Charing Cross Hospital Medical School in 1929, having won an open scholarship. During his clinical years he won the Llewellyn Prize for the best all round performance in the prize examinations. He graduated MB in 1932. Junior hospital jobs at Charing Cross Hospital followed where he was greatly influenced by the teaching and example of Norman Lake. In 1933 he went to China as a missionary surgeon accompanied by his wife Constance Grove, also a Cambridge medical graduate, whom he had married the same year. He practised as a staff surgeon in Shanghai, becoming head of the surgical unit of the Lester Chinese Hospital. In 1941, at the time of Pearl Harbour, he became a civilian prisoner of the Japanese and for two years, between 1943 and 1945, was interned, becoming responsible for the public health of the largest internment camp in the Shanghai area. Returning to England after the war he became a demonstrator in pathology at the University of Cambridge soon after gaining the FRCS in 1946. From then on he changed career, leaving surgery to become a distinguished pathologist excelling in teaching and research. Over the years he held numerous research fellowships with the Cancer Research Campaign and published nearly one hundred scientific articles in leading journals, including *Nature*. His book *Basic pathology and morbid histology*, published in 1953, was illustrated by his own colour drawings and became a widely used monograph by undergraduates. He contributed many chapters in text-books. His extra-curricular interests included painting, gardening and carpentry. He was a lay preacher. Donald Cater died on 3 September 1984 and was survived by his wife, Constance, his son John Ives, a paediatrician and his three daughters, Janet, Hilary, a physiotherapist, and Margaret.
Resource Identifier RCS: E007162
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
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First Title value, for Searching Spencer, Herbert (1915 - 1993)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2015-10-02
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E008000-E008999/E008300-E008399
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/380524380524
Occupation Pathologist
Details Herbert Spencer was born in Barnet, Hertfordshire, on 8 February 1915, the son of Hubert John Spencer, a coat manufacturer, and his wife Edith Maude, née Lodge. His early education was at Highgate Junior and Senior Schools, and he entered St Mary's Hospital Medical School for his medical studies, where he won prizes in biology and surgery. He qualified in 1937 and after serving as house surgeon to in-patients and out-patients passed the FRCS in 1940. He was then appointed surgical registrar to the emergency medical services at St Mary's Hospital and later became Erasmus Wilson demonstrator at the Royal College of Surgeons. Although his career began with surgical ambitions, a severe attack of typhoid fever made him change direction to specialise in pathology. In 1942 he joined the RAMC serving in Iraq, Iran and Egypt until 1947 as a specialist pathologist with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. After the war he was appointed pathologist to the Archway group of hospitals and later senior lecturer, reader and professor of morbid anatomy at St Thomas's Hospital. His chief interest lay in the pathology of diseases of the lung and he was one of the first to use electron microscopy in the study of these conditions. His main publication *Pathology of the lung* first appeared in 1962 and ran to many editions. Another publication *Tropical pathology* appeared in 1973. He served as examiner in pathology to the conjoint board and primary FRCS examinations and was also examiner for the MRCP and on the editorial board of *Thorax*. He retired in 1980 but as a dedicated Christian continued to give support to missionary hospitals. In 1940 he married Eileen Morgan and there were three daughters and one son of the marriage. He died on 1 June 1993, aged 78.
Resource Identifier RCS: E008341
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
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First Title value, for Searching Pringle, Jean Anne Smellie (1930 - 2016)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Alexander Pringle
Publication Date 2016-05-12 2016-07-08
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E009000-E009999/E009100-E009199
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/381307381307
Occupation Pathologist
Details Jean Pringle (née Rankin) was head of the department of morbid anatomy at the Institute of Orthopaedics, London. She was born on 30 August 1936 to parents who were relatively elderly. Her mother was a teacher and her father was head of the technical college in Coatbridge, Scotland. He was over 60 at the time of her birth, but survived to see her graduate and wed, to his great joy. A clever child, she was offered scholarships for both Glasgow High School for Girls and Hutcheson's Girls Grammar School, but chose the latter because of the fame of their hockey team. Jean played hockey for her school and later for Glasgow University - but always in goal because the goalie was allowed to kick the ball. She would have loved to have played football and, as a lifelong fan, had an encyclopaedic knowledge of the game. She qualified in medicine in 1959 at Glasgow University, at a time when by law women could only form 20 per cent of the year intake. She prospered there and was particularly pleased to win the Hunter medal for anatomy. She started her career at the Western Infirmary in Glasgow and worked successively for the professor of medicine, the professor of orthopaedics and then the professor of pathology. She was set for a career in academic pathology, but she married Alexander Pringle, a physician, in 1962 and shortly afterwards her husband moved to a post at Hammersmith Hospital in London. Life started in London for them in a bedsit in Turnham Green. Jean obtained a registrar post in general pathology at the West London Hospital. The staff regarded her highly and offered her a house to ensured that they retained her services. When her husband moved to Leeds in 1964, Jean had again to find a new post. This time it was in the Leeds University department of experimental pathology, where she gained experience in writing scientific papers and giving talks in public - something that she initially found to be an ordeal. In 1967 the couple moved to Chingford in London, where she lived for the rest of her life. Her two sons were born in 1967 and 1968, and Jean initially decided to give up work, however, when the boys started school, she was persuaded to apply for a part time post in pathology with H A Sissons at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital in London and there she flourished. She ended up being head of department and a world authority on the diagnosis and treatment of bone tumours. She owed her success to her knowledge of anatomy, her orthopaedic experience, but above all her God-given ability in pattern recognition and her keen eye for detail. She was author or co-author of over 100 scientific papers in the course of her career in bone pathology. She had an excellent recall of patients' names and their problems. She maintained a close link with her surgical colleagues and where possible she accompanied them on their ward rounds. She was particularly proud of receiving the award of FRCS by election in 1994 for her efforts. She was a good amateur artist, and an expert in knitting, crochet, embroidery and flower arranging. In the last few years her memory began to fail and dementia caused her personality to change and her life became a challenge. Finally, she fell and broke her hip and, although the surgery was successful, she was not fated to survive. She died on 31 March 2016, aged 79. She was survived by her husband, her two sons (Hamish and Rob) and four grandchildren.
Resource Identifier RCS: E009124
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Walton, Herbert James (1869 - 1938)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

First Title value, for Searching Wimberger, Wilfred Emeric (1907 - 1965)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-10-31
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E006000-E006999/E006200-E006299
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/378454378454
Occupation General surgeon Pathologist
Details Wimberger was born in England in 1907 and graduated at the University of Birmingham in 1930. After holding various house appointments, he was Medical Superintendent for twenty years, 1937-57, and senior surgeon to Hallam Hospital, West Bromwich. His services during this period of heavy air raids in 1940-41 was recognised with gratitude by the County Borough Council. After the war he was active in developing his hospital to take its full share of work and leadership under the new West Regional Hospital Board. Wimberger emigrated in 1957 to Kapuskasing, Ontario, a lumber town four hundred miles north-west of Toronto and nearly half way from Lake Huron to Hudson Bay. He was consulting surgeon to the Sensenbrenner Hospital there which he greatly developed, and under the Ontario Provincial Government Queen's Pathologist for the Cochrane district, he performed the necessary forensic autopsies, and collaborated closely with his friend the Provincial Coroner, Dr Bruce Feaver. He was a public-spirited man keen to serve his community and often performed surgical operations without charge for patients in the remote settlements of northern Ontario where his help was welcomed by Catholic French Canadians though he was an active Anglican churchman. 'Bill' Wimberger had many outside interests, loving his garden and his piano, supporting the Shakespeare Theatre at Stratford, Ontario, and enjoying the good things of life. He studied the history of medicine and for his holidays explored the remote West Indian islands, away from tourist centres. There he contracted the uncommon disease, periarteritis nodosum, from which he died in Hamilton General Hospital, Ontario on 23 April 1965, aged fifty-eight.
Resource Identifier RCS: E006271
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Salsbury, Carmen Russell (1898 - 1979)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2015-03-09
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E006000-E006999/E006900-E006999
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/379092379092
Occupation Anatomist Medical Officer Pathologist
Details Carmen Russell Salsbury was born on 21 July, 1898, in the County of Lennox and Addington, Ontario, Canada. He was the youngest child of the two daughters and three sons of John Albert Salsbury, a farmer. He was educated in a one room country schoolhouse for four years and then graduated with honours in all subjects from Newburgh High School. He was awarded the MC CM at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario in 1924 and won the surgery medal, the Mundell Prize in applied anatomy and the Professor's Prize in pathology. He became a Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada in 1924. He held appointments at Drayton Hospital, Drayton, North Dakota, and in Illinois and Colorado. At the University of Oklahoma he spent four years teaching anatomy and applied anatomy. Finally he became Assistant Professor of Anatomy and lecturer in surgical pathology at Queen's University, Kingston, 1935-40. During the first world war he served as a Sergeant in the Canadian Infantry, he was wounded and awarded the DCM. In the second world war he served with the RCAMC as a surgical specialist with the rank of Major and was awarded the ED. For twenty years he worked with the Workmen's Compensation of British Columbia, and was, for ten years, chief clinical medical officer. He estimated that he did approximately forty years military service in both war and peace. His interests were swimming, gardening and building. In 1927 he married Amy Alice Malakowsky and they had one daughter, Sylvia. He died on 19 September, 1979, survived by his daughter and two grandchildren.
Resource Identifier RCS: E006909
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Debono, Peter Paul (1890 - 1958)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-02-10
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E004000-E004999/E004900-E004999
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/377177377177
Occupation General surgeon Medical Officer Pathologist
Details Born in Malta 29 June 1890 the eldest of three brothers who distinguished themselves in the small medical school of the ancient Royal University of Malta: Emanuele (MD 1922) became an ophthalmologist in New York, Joseph Edward (MD 1925) became Professor of Medicine at Malta, FRCP and CBE; two members of the next generation also practised in Malta, Francis (MD 1949) and Anthony Hugh (MD 1955). Peter Paul graduated in 1910 and then came to London for a year's postgraduate work. He taught anatomy and pathology at Malta 1912-14, and served as pathologist to the RNMS and the RAMC 1914-18. He was medical officer of health for Malta 1918-19. He gained the Fellowship at the end of 1920 after working at St Bartholomew's Hospital, and worked in Manchester till 1922. During the war he had come under the inspiring influence of Sir Charles Ballance FRCS in treating the wounded from Gallipoli at Malta, and decided to take up surgery rather than pursue pathology and bacteriology in which he would have made his mark. Returning to Malta he was appointed surgeon to the Central Hospital, and was Professor of Surgery 1926-51. He was created OBE in 1944 for his services during the war of 1939-45, when Malta suffered intense air-bombardment. He was nominated to the Executive Council of the Island for 1936-39, and was elected to the Legislative Assembly in 1947. He served as Minister of Health, and was finally Speaker of the Assembly. He was assistant secretary of the Malta branch of the British Medical Association 1919-23, Secretary 1923-30, and president in 1935-37 and 1942-43. He married in 1918 L Briffa, who survived him with their two daughters; he died in Malta on 3 June 1958 aged 67.
Resource Identifier RCS: E004994
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Levene, Arnold Lawrence (1924 - 1998)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2015-11-13
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E008000-E008999/E008700-E008799
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/380919380919
Occupation Pathologist
Details Arnold Levene was a pathologist at the Royal Marsden Hospital who developed the technique of frozen section, meaning tissue samples could be analysed during operations. He was born on 7 December 1924 in Kingston upon Hull, the son of Solomon Levene, a Polish immigrant who became a commercial traveller. His mother was the daughter of a rabbi. He was educated in Hackney and then at University College Hospital, where he was the Magrath surgical scholar, the Wait fellow and the John Marshall fellow in surgical pathology. After junior posts at UCH, he obtained the FRCS, intending to become a surgeon, but developed tuberculosis, lost half a lung, and took up pathology, becoming a lecturer at UCH. He was appointed as a consultant to the Royal Marsden Hospital, where he would often turn up at operations and became a much sought after expert in tumour pathology. Among his many interests was the malignant melanoma which afflicts grey horses, and he was soon "the world's leading authority on horses' arses" - to use his own phrase. He carried out many of his studies in the Horse Guards' Barracks in London. He used to say that the difference between a vet and a doctor was that all vets liked their patients. He was active as a coroner's pathologist for Beckenham and Bromley, and in time became a formidable expert witness in medico-legal cases. A gifted linguist, Arnold taught himself enough Italian to chair a meeting in Milan, which led to a life-long interest in Italy and its culture. He married Leatrice née Jacobs in 1951 and they had one son and four daughters. He died suddenly on his way to synagogue on 18 July 1998.
Resource Identifier RCS: E008736
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Noon, Leonard (1877 - 1913)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2012-08-29
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E002000-E002999/E002800-E002899
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/374998374998
Occupation Pathologist
Details Born on December 8th, 1877, the only son of James Noon, of the Charterhouse. He entered Charterhouse School in 1891 and left in 1896, having in the meantime gained the junior and senior scholarships and an exhibition in science. He also shot in the school VIII for the Ashburton Shield in 1894-1896, the team being winners in 1895 and 1896. He had a brilliant career at Cambridge, where he obtained a first class in both parts of the Natural Science Tripos in 1898 and 1900 and a major scholarship for advanced physiology at Trinity College in 1899. He entered St Bartholomew's Hospital, winning the open scholarship in anatomy and physiology, and was House Surgeon and Ophthalmic House Surgeon. In September, 1905, he was nominated to a research scholarship at the serum department of the Lister Institute at Elstree when Professor G Dean was Director. Here he carried out an important research on the laws governing the neutralization of tetanus toxin by brain tissue. In 1906 he became the John Lucas Walker Student for Research in Pathology at Cambridge, and in 1909 he was Assistant in the Inoculation Department at St Mary's Hospital under Sir Almroth Wright. He had to relinquish laboratory work early in 1911 owing to failing health, and he died unmarried at his house, 30 Devonshire Place, London, on January 20th, 1913. Noon proved himself a most capable pathologist during the short span of life allotted to him. His work was almost wholly connected with immunity, and was of a general theoretical character opening up wide fields of inquiry rather than of a direct practical application. It dealt chiefly with the nature of the toxins and antitoxins of tetanus, the mechanism and localization of the production of antibodies, and, with a more practical outcome, active immunization against hay fever by the inoculation of extracts of pollen. Noon maintained his interest in rifle shooting to the end of his life. He was deeply but not ostentatiously religious, interested in all subjects, extraordinarily fertile both in new conceptions and in bold generalizations, but ready and ingenious in destructive criticism. All his colleagues were his friends. Publications:- Noon's scientific papers appeared in the *Jour of Pathos and Bacteriol*, in the *Jour of Hygiene*, and in the *Lancet*.
Resource Identifier RCS: E002815
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Benians, Thomas Herbert Cecil (1882 - 1958)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-01-22
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E004000-E004999/E004900-E004999
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/377083377083
Occupation Pathologist
Details Born at Goudhurst, Kent on 13 March 1882, fifth child and third son of William Alfred Benians, a schoolmaster, and Elizabeth Ackland his wife, he was educated at Bethany House School, Goudhurst and at the London Hospital, and qualified in 1907. Though he took the Fellowship in 1913, after serving as prosector at the College, he made his career as a hospital pathologist. He was a pathological assistant at the London Hospital inoculation department and was then appointed to the Prince of Wales General Hospital and to the North Middlesex Hospital, becoming ultimately consulting pathologist. During the war of 1914-18 he was pathologist and director of laboratories to the Addington Park War Fever Hospital. Benians made numerous contributions to the specialist journals on questions of bacteriology, vaccine therapy, and immunity, and lectured on these subjects at the North-East London Postgraduate Medical School. He married in 1909 Amy Frances Rogers, who survived him with their three sons and a daughter. They lived for many years at Tonbridge, but moved to 38 Chandos Court, Southgate, N14, where he died on 1 January 1958, aged 75. Benians was a keen amateur artist, painting in both oil and water colour. Publications: Gram-positive and acid-fast properties of bacteria. *J Path Bact* 1912, 17, 199. Bacteriology of cerebrospinal fever. *Practitioner* 1915, 95, 653. Septicaemia and other fixation abscesses. *Brit J exper Path* 1921, 2, 276. A vasospastic factor in serum of case of Raynaud's disease with cold agglutination. *J lab clin Med* 1944, 29, 1074.
Resource Identifier RCS: E004900
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Solly, Reginald Vaughan (1864 - 1948)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2013-11-13
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E004000-E004999/E004600-E004699
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/376811376811
Occupation Pathologist
Details Born on 3 October 1864, of Congleton, Cheshire, and Lucy Charlotte Cornish, his wife. He was educated at Winchester, and received his medical training at St Thomas's Hospital, where he served as house surgeon and as clinical assistant in the skin department. After serving as house surgeon in the Cleveland Hospital, Bristol, he settled in practice at Exeter. He had taken the Fellowship three years after qualifying, but his interest gradually turned to pathology, and he organized a special pathological department at the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital. He took the MRCP in 1910 and the following year was appointed the first pathologist to the hospital, a post which he held till his retirement in 1931 when he was appointed a life governor; he was an assistant physician to the hospital, 1911-23. He was also consulting medical officer to the Exeter Dispensary. Solly was a foundation member of the Association of Clinical Pathologists 1927, and was for many years secretary of the Devon and Exeter Medico-Chirurgical Society; he was also an active member of the Exeter and South-West division of the British Medical Association. He practised at 40 West Southernhay, and lived latterly at 13 Howell Road, Exeter. Solly was a keen entomologist, frequently travelling to the south of France to collect butterflies near Hyères. He served as president of the Field Club of the University College of the South-West. He was also a skilled dry-fly fisherman, chiefly in Wiltshire, and tied his own flies. He married on 4 June 1902 Frances Anne Laura Buckingham, who died a week before him; he died at Exeter on 19 February 1948, aged 83, and was buried at Higher cemetery, Exeter, after funeral service at St David's Church. There were no children. Solly was a cultivated, well-read man, humorous and popular, but diffident, sensitive, and somewhat quick of temper, though wholly unselfseeking. Publication: Rat-bite fever, two cases treated with apparent success by a single dose of novarsenobenzol intravenously. *Lancet*, 1919, 1, 458.
Resource Identifier RCS: E004628
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Trinca, Alfred John (1884 - 1981)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2015-03-24
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E007000-E007999/E007000-E007099
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/379186379186
Occupation General surgeon Pathologist
Details Few records are available of the early years of this distinguished surgeon and pathologist. He trained as an undergraduate at the Royal Melbourne Hospital and held his first postgraduate posts there, but his life-long work as a surgeon was at the Alfred Hospital. He was Beaney Scholar and demonstrator in pathology from 1910 to 1911 before being appointed there as pathologist, a position which he held until 1927, after which he became curator of the pathology museum until 1946. In 1914 he joined the Royal Australian Navy and served in the Grantala at the capture of Rabaul. In 1915 he joined the BEF and served as a Captain with the RAMC in France from 1915 to 1918. In 1919 he took the FRCS in England, where he was surgical registrar and senior demonstrator in anatomy at the Middlesex Hospital from 1919 to 1920. On returning to Australia he was appointed to the surgical staff of the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, in 1921 and honorary surgeon, 1924-46, consultant pathologist to the Baker Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 1930-47, lecturer in surgery to dental students in 1942 and finally consultant surgeon to the Alfred Hospital from 1947 onwards. He is remembered as a teacher for his puckish sense of humour. He was a most gifted surgeon, always dexterous and gentle. With his background in pathology he wrote several articles concerning tumours, but is best remembered for his two papers, first advocating frozen section tissue diagnosis in 1911 and secondly the abuse of peritoneal lavage and drainage tubes in 1933. Such views were well ahead of his time. Always a clear thinker he was never frightened to express his opinions. He maintained his mental faculties throughout his rich and fruitful life, dying in Melbourne on 5 August 1981 at the age of 97. He left three sons, John, Gordon and Allan, respectively a physician, a surgeon and an anaesthetist.
Resource Identifier RCS: E007003
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Johnstone, James (1862 - 1953)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-03-07
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E005000-E005999/E005100-E005199
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/377283377283
Occupation General surgeon Pathologist
Details Born at Sydney, Australia on 27 September 1862, the eldest of four children and only son of the Rev William Johnstone and Margaret King, his wife, who lived to be 100, he grew up in New Zealand where his father was Presbyterian minister at Port Chalmers, and was educated at Otago Boys High School, Dunedin, graduated in arts at the University and began his medical studies at the Otago Medical School. Coming home to Scotland, he qualified with honours in medicine, surgery and public health, and won the George Thomson travelling fellowship at Aberdeen University. This enabled him to make postgraduate studies at Berlin, Munich, Vienna, and Paris. After serving as house surgeon at the Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, he was clinical assistant and pathologist there under Sir William Macewen. He then came to London, took the Fellowship in 1891, and settled in general practice at Richmond, Surrey, where his career was spent, first at 26 Sheen Road and later at Tudor House, King's Road. He was for a time pathologist to the London Homeopathic Hospital and served on the Council of the British Homeopathic Society. Besides building up a large and successful practice during forty-five years, Johnstone took a leading part in local affairs. He served on the education committee of the borough council, was chairman of the juvenile employment committee, and was a founder of the local Council of Social Service. He lectured in medicine at the Wesleyan College, Richmond. He was an active freemason, a member of the Richmond lodge, and past assistant grand director of ceremonies in the Grand Lodge of England, and past standard bearer of supreme grand chapter; he was a member of the old Richmond Lodge of Harmony, and compiled its history; he was also a member of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, and was at work on the history of freemasonry in his last years. He was a founder-member of the Richmond Rotary Club, and its second president. He was a keen amateur of botany, geology, and archaeology, was active in preserving local historical monuments, and took a prominent share in the cultural activities of the Richmond Athenaeum. He became a magistrate in 1932. He married in 1892 Ethel Rose Hudson, who was created MBE for her work at home and in France in the war of 1914-18. Mrs Johnstone died in April 1952 two days before their diamond wedding; she had been a borough councillor at Richmond. He died in the West London Hospital on 14 February 1953, aged 90, survived by four sons and a daughter. Publication: Transfusion subcutaneous and intravenous in gynaecological practice, with George Burford. *J Obstet Gynaec Brit Emp* 1905, 7, 445.
Resource Identifier RCS: E005100
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Barratt, John Oglethorpe Wakelin (1862 - 1956)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-01-15 2016-08-17
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E004000-E004999/E004800-E004899
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/377067377067
Occupation Bacteriologist Pathologist Tropical medicine specialist
Details Born on 11 May 1862 at Birmingham, the son of Oglethorpe Wakelin Barratt MRCS, he was educated at University College, London. Although he took the Fellowship soon after qualifying, Barratt never practised surgery but spent his life in research, producing valuable work in a variety of fields. While making postgraduate study at Göttingen and Munich he contributed papers to the German journals of physiology and bacteriology. He worked in the physiology and pathology departments at University College 1893-96, was a research scholar in neuropathology in the London County Council's asylums 1897-99 and pathologist to the West Riding Asylum at Wakefield 1899-1903. He held a British Medical Association research scholarship 1903-05 and then, after a year as assistant bacteriologist to the Lister Institute, spent a year (1906-07) in the Cytology and Cancer Research Department of Liverpool University. The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine sent him to Nyasaland in 1907 as senior member of its Blackwater Fever Expedition. His valuable findings were published between 1909 and 1911, while he was director of cancer research at Liverpool. He came back to the Lister Institute in 1913 with a Beit memorial fellowship to research on blood plasma and serum reactions. This work was interrupted by his service in France during the war of 1914-18 as a Captain RAMC with the 1st City of London Sanitary Company. Wakelin Barratt was Master of the Society of Apothecaries in 1933-34. He married Dr Mary Muter Gardner of Stonehouse, Lanark, in 1913, and she survived him. He lived at 56 Alfriston Road, Clapham Common, and died on 1 December 1956 aged 94.
Resource Identifier RCS: E004884
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Turk, John Leslie (1930 - 2006)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2006-12-19
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E000000-E000999/E000300-E000399
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/372505372505
Occupation Pathologist
Details John Turk was a former professor of pathology at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences at the College. He was born on 2 October 1930 in Farnborough, Hampshire, where his father was a solicitor. From Malvern, where he specialised in classics, John went up to Guy’s Hospital to read medicine, qualifying with honours and two gold medals in 1953. He did house jobs at Lewisham, where he met his future wife, Terry, and then did his National Service in the RAMC in Egypt and Cyprus, where he developed his interest in pathology. On demobilisation he was appointed senior lecturer at the Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, working at the Medical Research Council research unit at Mill Hill, going on to be reader at the Institute of Dermatology in the University of London. He was one of the pioneers in clinical and experimental immunology, building on the work of Medawar and Humphreys, and was a founder of the British Society of Immunology. John Turk made important links with deprived and developing nations, where he was able to use his linguistic skills, and became in time an international authority on leprosy. He was appointed Sir William Collins professor of pathology at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences in our College. The author of many articles, he wrote two classic textbooks, *Delayed hypersensitivity* (Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Co., 1967) and *Immunology in clinical medicine* (London, William Heinemann Medical Books, 1969), which became very popular and was translated into many different languages, including Bulgarian and Japanese. In addition he and Sir Reginald Murley edited the collected case books of John Hunter. He was curator of the Hunterian Museum for many years. He was editor of *Clinical and Experimental Immunology* and *Leprosy Review*, was president of the British Society for Immunology and of the section of immunology of the Royal Society of Medicine, and adviser to the World Health Organization on leprosy. His wife Terry was a general practitioner; they had two sons, Simon and Jeremy (a psychiatrist), and three grandchildren. A delightful companion, John Turk was a kind and sensitive man, and a devoted servant of the College, who made him FRCS by election. He suffered from diabetes and died from renal failure and small vessel cerebral disease on 4 June 2006.
Resource Identifier RCS: E000318
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Lakin, Charles Ernest (1878 - 1972)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

First Title value, for Searching Dawson, David Andrew (1921 - 2001)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2015-10-22
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E008000-E008999/E008500-E008599
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/380736380736
Occupation ENT surgeon Pathologist
Details David Dawson was a consultant surgeon at Plymouth Hospital. He was born on 21 July 1921 in Pinner, Middlesex. His father was John Alexander Dawson CBE, a civil engineer. His mother, Margaret Cruikshank, was the daughter of a medical practitioner. David was their third child and second son. His elder brother, Michael, was a consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist. David was educated at Northwood Preparatory School, Edinburgh House Preparatory School at Lee-on-Solent, Merchant Taylors' School and St Bartholomew's. He qualified MRCS LRCP in 1945 and passed the MB BS in 1946. Following qualification, he worked as a house surgeon and house physician at St Bartholomew's and, after service in the Royal Air Force from 1946 to 1948, decided to enter pathology as his chosen specialty. He worked as resident pathologist, having been a demonstrator in the department at St Bartholomew's, but eventually came to the conclusion that he wanted more patient contact and decided to change to otolaryngology. He obtained training posts at the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, where he passed the Fellowship examination in 1958. After working for F C W Capps and S E Birdsall, he went to Dundee Royal Infirmary as senior registrar, where he worked with Alan Gibb. He then moved to the Liverpool United Hospitals as senior registrar, and from this post was appointed consultant surgeon at Plymouth Hospital in 1963, where he remained until he retired in 1985. Latterly, he was appointed a civil consultant to the Royal Navy and advised them from 1978 until his retirement. David Dawson was a delightful man and an excellent colleague. Tall and quiet, with a very good dry sense of humour, he was self-effacing and this concealed a well-read and lively mind. He had a wide range of interests, both in the fields of medicine and life. He published one paper on secretory nerve tumours, a subject that had interested him from his period in the pathology department. He was a good painter in oils and active member of South Devon Decorative and Fine Arts Society, a very keen gardener, an accomplished skier and a regular golfer. He married Elizabeth Garnham, a nurse who had trained at St Bartholomew's, in 1965. They had no children. For the last five years of his life he suffered from recurrent cerebral thromboses that ultimately confined him to a nursing home. He died on 12 January 2001.
Resource Identifier RCS: E008553
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Welch, Francis Henry (1839 - 1910)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2013-08-21
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E004000-E004999/E004300-E004399
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/376537376537
Occupation General surgeon Pathologist
Details Born at Stansted, Essex, on May 27th, 1839; studied at the London Hospital, where in 1860 he won a Gold Medal. Entered the Army Medical Service on April 1st, 1861, as Assistant Surgeon on the Staff; was attached to the 22nd Foot in 1863; was promoted Surgeon Major on March 19th, 1876; Brigade Surgeon Lieutenant-Colonel on February 24th, 1887; and Surgeon Colonel on April 5th, 1892. From 1871-1876 he was Assistant Professor of Pathology at the Army School, Netley. In the Egyptian War of 1882 he saw active service at the Battle of Tel-el-Kebir and was awarded the Medal with Clasps, also the Khedive's Star; he served later with the Hazara Field Force in 1888. In 1873 he gained the Alexander Memorial Prize and Gold Medal for his essay on "Pulmonary Consumption among Soldiers", and again in 1892 on "Enteric Fever in the Army". Sir William Osier, in a lecture on aneurysm, directed attention to Welch as the first to have proved that syphilis is the chief cause of aneurysm. Welch retired on May 1st, 1895, and died at Southborough on October 25th, 1910. Publications: *The Nature and Varieties of Destructive Lung Disease included under the term Pulmonary Consumption, its Prevalence, etc, as seen among Soldiers*, 8vo, 1872. "On Aortic Aneurism in the Army and the Conditions Associated with it." - *Proc Roy Med-Chir Soc*, 1875-80, viii, 22. This important paper was never printed in the *Transactions*. Thirty-four fatal cases were examined by Francis H Welch, who was then Assistant Professor of Pathology in the Army Medical School, Netley, and the results were communicated to the Society on Nov 23rd, 1875. The average age at death was thirty-two years; the average period of service performed by the soldier twelve years; the average duration of the lesion 13 months. In five instances the dilatation of the vessel was multiple. He points out that endarteritis of the aorta is one of the most frequent internal lesions of syphilis and one of the earliest produced. There is consequently a comparative absence of gummata in the viscera in cases of advanced aortic disease because the aneurysm kills before the tertiary lesions have had time to develop. The treatment of syphilis was in a very unsatisfactory condition at the time these observations were made. *Enteric Fever: as illustrated by Army Data*, 8vo, Philadelphia, 1883.
Resource Identifier RCS: E004354
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Daniel, Peter Lewis (1871 - 1952)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2013-04-24
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E003000-E003999/E003900-E003999
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/376113376113
Occupation General surgeon Pathologist
Details Born at Carmarthen in 1871, he was educated there and at Charing Cross Hospital, where he was Llewellyn scholar. He qualified in 1898, served as house physician and house surgeon at Charing Cross, and was assistant demonstrator of anatomy in the medical school. After postgraduate study in Vienna he took the Fellowship in 1899, and was appointed surgical registrar at his hospital. He also filled the posts of pathologist and curator of the museum, assistant in the electrical department, and lecturer and tutor in surgery. He was elected assistant surgeon in 1905, later became surgeon, and was appointed consulting surgeon in 1931. During the war of 1939-45 he rejoined the surgical staff of the evacuated hospital at Ashridge. Daniel was also consulting surgeon to the Metropolitan Hospital, the Gordon Hospital for Diseases of the Rectum, the Willesden Hospital, and the cottage hospitals at Sutton and Hampton and Molesey. He was at one time pathologist to the hospital of Saints John and Elizabeth. He was a medical referee of the Cremation Society, and for some years secretary of the Harveian Society. Daniel was an unassuming and modest man, who exerted a great influence for good. He was universally friendly and of great kindness and consideration. Conscientious and disliking publicity, he had very sound judgement. His practical common-sense was always at the service of those who sought his advice, and he was an excellent teacher and chairman. Daniel was a keen freemason. He helped to found the Chère Reine lodge at Charing Cross Hospital, and after serving as chairman was its treasurer for twenty years. He was always open to new ideas, and with William Hunter, CB, MD, FRCP (1861-1937) he directed attention to the dangers of oral sepsis in relation to arthritis. Daniel practised at 1A Upper Wimpole Street, and retired to Gilcroft, Checkendon, Oxford, where he died suddenly on 28 July 1950, aged 79, survived by his wife and only son. This son Peter Maxwell Daniel, MB, MRCS was awarded the triennial prize and John Hunter medal of the College in 1948, for his share in the discovery of afferent nerves and muscle spindles in the external ocular muscles, and for his contributions to the discovery of the shunt in the renal circulation, while working at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford. Mrs Daniel died on 25 February 1952. Publications:- *Arthritis, a study of the inflammatory diseases of joints*, edited by James Cantlie. London: Bale, 1911. 515 pages. Colotomy and some misconceptions of its results. *Lancet*, 1911, 2, 1390. Some points in abdominal diagnosis. *Brit med J*. 1921, 2, 470.
Resource Identifier RCS: E003930
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Taylor, Frank Edward (1872 - 1930)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2013-11-20
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E004000-E004999/E004600-E004699
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/376848376848
Occupation Obstetrician and gynaecologist Pathologist
Details Born at Leeds on 27 January 1872, the third son and sixth child of Charles Henry Taylor, an iron-founder, he was educated at the Leeds Boys' Modern School and at the Yorkshire College, which afterwards became the Victoria University, graduating BA in 1891, and afterwards entering the medical department of the College. He served as house surgeon at the Leeds General Infirmary and then decided to specialize in obstetrics and gynaecology. He was appointed house surgeon and clinical assistant at the Leeds Hospital for Women and Children, and in 1899 matriculated at the University of Berlin. During the South African war in 1900 he acted as a civil surgeon, and received the medal with three clasps. In 1902 on his return to England he filled the post of pathologist at the Chelsea Hospital for Women, and was afterwards obstetric registrar and tutor at the Middlesex Hospital. In 1906 he became gynaecologist to the North-West London and Hampstead General Hospital, to the St Marylebone General Hospital, and to the Eastern Dispensary. Ill-health obliged him to relinquish his gynaecological practice in 1912, and he then confined himself to teaching and research in bacteriology and pathology. He was elected lecturer on bacteriology at King's College, London in 1907, and he was also for some years pathologist to the Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Hospital. During the war he was pathologist to the Lewisham War Hospital, and at the time of his death he was in charge of the vaccine laboratory at the Royal Herbert Hospital, Woolwich. He married Phoebe Stansfield on 12 September 1905, who survived him but without children; He died suddenly on 1 July 1930. Mrs Taylor died on 13 May 1947. Frank Taylor was an excellent teacher and a writer who combined literary ability with originality. He wrote numerous papers, gynaecological at first, and later on such pathological subjects as the Arneth blood-count, vaccines, the absorption test, mycological tests for sugars, Vincent's angina, fusospirillary peridental gingivitis, the diplococcus liquefaciens of Petit, and many other subjects. He was for many years director of the Review of current literature in the *Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology* of the British Empire, and was an examiner of the Central Midwives Board. Publications: Adeno-cystoma ovarii sarcomatodes. *J Obstet Gynaec Brit Emp* 1906, 9, 268. Typhoid infection of ovarian cysts. *Ibid* 1907, 12, 367. Necrobiotic fibroids and pregnancy. *Practitioner*, 1906, 76, 804. Physical action of placenta, with W E Dixon. *Proc Roy Soc Med* 1907, 1, obstet p 11.
Resource Identifier RCS: E004665
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Gray, Arthur Oliver (1889 - 1978)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-12-08
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E006000-E006999/E006500-E006599
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/378690378690
Occupation Obstetrician and gynaecologist Pathologist
Details Arthur Oliver Gray was born on 19 February 1889 at Gateshead and was educated at Barnard Castle School and Durham University. He wanted to be an engineer, like his father, but it was thought that he was not robust enough for this. The family was not well off and no grants were then available, but Gray went to the Royal Dental Hospital and qualified as a dentist in 1911. He then obtained a scholarship to the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, where he won the senior Brodrip Scholarship and the Lyell Gold Medal and scholarship and qualified with the Conjoint Diploma in 1913. After the usual house jobs he became the first resident anaesthetist at the Middlesex, having to anaesthetise desperately ill patients -'Like being flung in at the deep end,' he said. He then took a resident post at the City of London Maternity Hospital. During the first world war he joined the Royal Navy as a surgeon, serving at Haslar Hospital and later was in charge of the surgical section of the Hospital Ship China with the Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow. After demobilization he became obstetric registrar and tutor at the Middlesex for three and a half years, and he started the first antenatal clinic at the hospital. He was also pathologist to the City of London Maternity Hospital. In 1932 he joined the staff of Charing Cross Hospital, becoming senior obstetric physician in 1938. He had previously been appointed consultant gynaecologist to St Charles's, the Miller, and Hampstead General Hospitals, and he had an extensive private practice. Arthur Gray was a skilful and safe surgeon, but he always said that his favourite hospital occupation was undergraduate teaching. During the second world war he was for a time resident surgeon at Hampstead General Hospital in the Emergency Medical Service, but he continued to teach the students at Charing Cross Hospital and became Vice-Dean during the war. He was a founder member of the College of Obstetricians and became a Fellow in 1937. He served on the Hospital Recognition Committee from 1947 to 1952 and became its Chairman. His main hobby was playing the organ, and he was Vice-President of the Stock Exchange Orchestral Society for many years. When he lived at Rye he built an observatory with a six-inch refracting telescope to study astronomy. In many ways he was a shy, retiring sort of man, but of exceptional kindliness, which, together with his skill as a surgeon, brought him fame and happiness. In 1917 he married Lillah Agnes Till and they had one daughter. He died on 20 March 1978 at Kingston Gorse, Sussex, aged 89.
Resource Identifier RCS: E006507
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Greeves, Reginald Affleck (1878 - 1966)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

First Title value, for Searching Scarff, Robert Wilfred (1899 - 1970)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-10-06
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E006000-E006999/E006000-E006099
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/378257378257
Occupation Pathologist
Details Born on 18 October 1899 at Dalmuir, near Glasgow into a seafaring family, Robert Scarff moved to London at the age of six when his father obtained a post ashore at Tilbury. Robert was educated at the City of London School and the Middlesex Hospital and he qualified with the Conjoint Diploma in 1924, medicine being an obvious choice when four of his uncles and a brother were also medically qualified. On qualification, he went straight into the Bland-Sutton Institute of Pathology at the Middlesex Hospital and spent the rest of his professional life there, ending up as its director. His early researches were concerned with the histology of virus infection of the nervous system and the experimental production of atheroma and it soon became clear that he had a special flair for histology. He was appointed a reader in pathology in the University in 1931 and became head of the morbid anatomy and histology department. In 1935 he was appointed secretary to the Scientific Advisory Committee of the British Empire Cancer Campaign and this initiated a life-long interest in the campaign in which he held high office and exercised great influence. He was made Professor of Pathology in 1946 and, on the death of James McIntosh in 1948, became director of the Bland-Sutton Institute. He was also elected treasurer of the Pathological Society and had a great and beneficial influence in its affairs during his long term of office. Scarff's outstanding ability as an organiser reached its peak in the VIIth International Cancer Conference, held in London in 1958. He was secretary-general of the Congress and it was generally considered that the resounding success of the meeting was responsible for his being appointed CBE in 1960. His election to the FRCS in 1958 gave him great pleasure, and was the result both of his work on breast cancer and other malignancies, in which he did outstanding work on the relation of histology to prognosis; and of the interest lie took in young postgraduates, bent on a surgical career, who would spend a year or two in his laboratory. Most of these pupils later achieved distinction in surgical circles and carried with them the permanent imprint which he had made on them. Scarff never married. He was a shy, yet very friendly and generous man; and a host of friends testified to the ease with which one could break through the pipe-smoking silences of the first contact. He was an enthusiastic golfer, a keen bridge player and an assiduous member of the Savage Club. His five years of retirement were happy and spent in part-time research and in some of the national and international activities of societies and panels in which he had for so long participated. His death came at a time when he was beginning to contemplate complete retirement to the country, a move which his friends viewed with apprehension. He died on 19 January 1970.
Resource Identifier RCS: E006074
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Merrington, William Robert (1912 - 1997)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2015-11-18
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E008000-E008999/E008700-E008799
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/380965380965
Occupation General surgeon Pathologist
Details 'Tim' Merrington was an accomplished surgeon whose career was blighted but whose spirit was undimmed by multiple sclerosis. Within four years of becoming consultant surgeon to University College Hospital, an appointment for which his earlier achievements had long marked him out, he developed the first signs of the disease and was forced to retire. Yet, despite considerable handicap, he continued to maintain an active interest in surgical pathology, wrote the definitive history of University College Hospital and its medical school, and lived on into old age with his intellect unimpaired. Tim was born in Haslemere, Surrey, on 10 January 1912, the son of Robert John Merrington, a builder's manager and his wife, Alice Maud née Fagent. Of his three brothers, one was a naval architect, one a consulting engineer and one a physicist. A scholarship took him to Guildford Junior Technical School and on to University College, where he won the gold medal for physiology. In the medical school he was again awarded a gold medal for medicine, but after qualifying in 1935 and a house job with Wilfred Trotter he set his career on surgery. Having gained practical experience at the West Middlesex and passed his FRCS, he went back to the UCH surgical unit, where he was made a surgeon in the Emergency Medical Service at the outbreak of the war. In 1942, he joined the RAMC and served as Lieutenant Colonel with the First and Eighth Army in Africa and Italy. On return, after a spell as John Marshall fellow, he was appointed surgeon to UCH, in 1949, and was given an opportunity to study at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. The first signs of multiple sclerosis appeared in 1953; he had to give up surgery, but maintained his interest in pathology as curator of the museum and as senior lecturer in pathology. He could no longer enjoy sport, but was able to play the violin with considerable ability, often together with his wife and the late Richard Asher. His book *University College Hospital and its medical school: a history* (London, Heinneman, 1976), which still stands out as one of the best hospital histories, was published when he was coming up to retirement. He had great difficulty in getting about but he continued to be active until his death on 16 June 1997. He had married Maxine Venables, a statistician at UCH, in 1939, and she cared for him through long and difficult years. His daughter, Judith, was born in 1943 and is now a community psychiatrist. His son, Oliver, is an IT scientist at the Scott Polar Research Unit, Cambridge.
Resource Identifier RCS: E008782
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Read, Sir Charles David (1902 - 1957)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-04-28
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E005000-E005999/E005200-E005299
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/377480377480
Occupation Obstetrician and gynaecologist Pathologist
Details Born on 22 December 1902 at Dunedin, New Zealand the son of J J Read, he entered the medical school of Otago University in 1920, qualifying in 1924 with the medal in clinical medicine. After holding resident appointments at Dunedin Hospital, he came to England for postgraduate study in obstetrics and gynaecology, working for several years as registrar and tutor at the Chelsea Hospital for Women, Charing Cross Hospital and Westminster Hospital. For five years he was pathologist to the Chelsea Hospital for Women, being duly appointed surgeon to that hospital. He was also surgeon to Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital and the Postgraduate Hospital, Hammersmith, becoming Director of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Postgraduate Medical School in 1950. He served as secretary and vice-president of the obstetrical division of the Royal Society of Medicine, and became President of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in 1955. He travelled extensively and was an honorary member of the American Association of Obstetricians, Gynaecologists and Abdominal Surgeons, the American Gynaecological Society, the South African Association of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, and the Athens Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society. A formidable figure, he stood six foot four inches in height. Early in his career in England he impressed Victor Bonney with his potentialities both as a surgeon and a personality. As a result he was encouraged to remain in London and become a consultant. A fine teacher and a skilful and delicate operator in spite of his large size he attracted postgraduates from all over the world. He never spared himself either in work or in relaxation, being a keen and experienced yachtsman. He, together with Terence Millin, operated and administered a very successful private clinic at 31 Queen's Gate, SW. In association with Douglas MacLeod he edited the 5th edition of Edward Lockyer's *Gynaecology* and was engaged with MacLeod on a revision of Bonney's *Textbook of Gynaecological Surgery*. He married twice, having two sons by each marriage, his second wife being Dr S Edna Wilson. While he was on holiday aboard his yacht he died aged 54 at the zenith of his career on 21 August 1957.
Resource Identifier RCS: E005297
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Cobbett, Louis (1862 - 1947)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2013-05-20
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E003000-E003999/E003900-E003999
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/376159376159
Occupation Pathologist
Details Born at Weybridge on 15 May 1862, third son of Arthur Cobbett, provision merchant, and his wife Betsey Holt, and their ninth and youngest child. He was educated at Lancing and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took third-class honours in the Natural Sciences tripos part I, 1884, and came under the influence of Sir George Murray Humphry, FRCS, professor of surgery and formerly professor of anatomy in the university. At St Thomas's Hospital, where he took his clinical training, he served as house surgeon to Sir William MacCormac, FRCS, but after taking the Fellowship in 1891 his interest turned to pathology. He went back to Cambridge in 1893 as university demonstrator under Charles Roy, FRS (1854-97), the first professor of pathology, and was elected John Lucas Walker student of pathology, 1894-97. Cobbett at this time was chiefly occupied with the development of antitoxin, with special reference to diphtheria. He took the MD in 1899 by thesis "On the nature of the action of antitoxin". During the Cambridge and Colchester epidemics of 1900-01 he made the first large-scale investigations into the bacteriology of diphtheria, publishing his results in the first volume of the *Journal of Hygiene*, Cambridge University Press, 1901, and with G H F Nuttall and T H P Strangeways he discussed the cultural characters found in 950 examinations of the diphtheria bacillus. Cobbett next turned his attention to tuberculosis. At the British Congress on Tuberculosis in 1901 Robert Koch announced that he had proved that human and bovine tuberculosis were distinct entities, the human strain not being transmissible to cattle. Lister, who was in the chair, at once pointed out that the converse did not follow, and that it still remained to be proved whether or not bovine tuberculosis was communicable to man. The Royal Commission on Tuberculosis, appointed in 1902, set up a positive programme of research, and Cobbett was chosen as pathological investigator with charge of their experimental farm at Stansted. The very valuable results obtained by Cobbett's team, all the other members of which he survived, were published in a series *Reports* from 1907 to 1913; the Commission also published a *Report on tuberculin tests* by Cobbett and Stanley Griffith in 1913. Cobbett published his personal survey of this work as *The causes of tuberculosis, together, with some account of the prevalence and distribution of the disease*, Cambridge University Press, 1917. The book missed its merited success by appearing in the darkest year of the first world war; it has however achieved the rank of a classic in its own field. He also published an original study of Racial immunisation in tuberculosis. Cobbett was appointed to the professorship of pathology at Leeds in 1907, but held the chair for only a year. He went back to Cambridge, where from 1908 until 1929 he was university lecturer in pathology and proved himself a keen teacher with a kindly interest in his students; he was always ready to discuss with enthusiasm every subject in which he was interested. He worked with G S Graham Smith on the pathology of grouse disease, and their results were included in the *Report of the Commission on grouse disease* in 1911. He served as vice-president of the section of pathology and bacteriology at the British Medical Association annual meeting 1920. After his retirement he continued to work in the university pathology department and to lecture for part 2 of the Natural Sciences tripos. Cobbett died, after one day's illness, at his house Inchmahone, Adam Road, Cambridge, on 9 March 1947, aged 85; he was unmarried. He bequeathed £1,000 each to Addenbrooke's hospital and the department of pathology at Cambridge, and to the latter his medical books. His principal publications have been mentioned in the course of the memoir above.
Resource Identifier RCS: E003976
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching White, Charles Powell (1867 - 1930)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2013-12-11
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E004000-E004999/E004700-E004799
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/376948376948
Occupation Pathologist
Details The fourth son of the Rev L Borrett Powell White, DD, Canon and Prebendary of St Paul's and Rector of St Mary Aldermary in the City of London, was born 21 April 1867. He entered St Paul's School in 1878 and left in July 1886, being then in Math VIII and having been elected a foundationer in 1879. He matriculated with first-class honours at the University of London in January 1884, but went to Cambridge where he had gained a scholarship at Sidney Sussex College in 1886 and a Lovett exhibition in 1887. He graduated BA after being placed a Senior Optime in part 1 of the Mathematical Tripos in 1889. He then entered St Bartholomew's Hospital, where he gained the Burrows and Skynner prizes in 1893 and, after acting as house surgeon, held the Treasurer's research scholarship in pathology for the year 1894-95 and, coming under the influence of A A Kanthack, determined to devote himself to pathology. In 1898 he was appointed pathologist to the Birmingham General Hospital, and in 1900, after making a voyage as surgeon in the SS *Patroclus*, was elected demonstrator of pathology in the Yorkshire College at Leeds. He filled this post for two years, delivered the Erasmus Wilson lectures at the Royal College of Surgeons "On the pathology of tumours", and in 1902 was appointed demonstrator of morbid anatomy and pathology at St Thomas's Hospital, when S G Shattock was lecturer; in 1904 he was advanced to the post of demonstrator of pathology, and in 1905 he became assistant pathologist in the Medical School. White moved to Manchester in 1906 on becoming the first holder of the research studentship of the Pilkington fund, a position he held for the rest of his life. In 1910 he was appointed pathologist to the Christie Hospital for Cancer, and in 1915 he was created special lecturer in pathology at Manchester University. He was also director of the Helen Swindell Cancer Research Laboratories in the University and histologist to the Manchester Committee on Cancer. He married in 1918 Lettice Mary, daughter of Horace Lamb, FRS, professor of mathematics in the University of Manchester. She survived him with a son and a daughter. He died on 26 September 1930, after being paralysed and confined to his bed for two years. White did much good work at a time when pathology was developing from morbid anatomy and was fortunate in working under the two great teachers of his generation, Kanthack and Shattock. He was throughout his life more a pathologist for pathologists than a teacher of undergraduate students. He was treasurer of the Pathological Society of Great Britain, and took an active part in forming a committee of pathologists to watch their interests and secure for them adequate emoluments. Of a shy and retiring disposition, he was widely read in general literature and had a very great knowledge of natural history. Publications: General pathology of tumours, Erasmus Wilson lectures. *Lancet*, 1902, 1, 423 and 491. *Lectures on the pathology of cancer*. Manchester, 1908. Experiments on cell proliferation and metaplasia. *J Path Bact* 1910, 14, 450. *The pathology of growth tumours*. London, 1913. *The principles of pathology*. Manchester, 1927.
Resource Identifier RCS: E004765
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Beadles, Cecil Fowler (1867 - 1933)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2013-04-10
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E003000-E003999/E003800-E003899
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/376007376007
Occupation Curator Pathologist Physician
Details Somewhat above middle height, clean-shaven with prematurely white hair and of ascetic appearance, Cecil Beadles was unmarried and lived for his garden and the Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons. He was so excessively shy that he was rarely seen even by his colleagues unless they went to look for him in the work-rooms or the museum of the College. He was born in 1867, the son of Hubert Beadles, of Southgate, and thus came of a family of general practitioners, some of whom practised in Forest Hill and others at New Southgate, when both were villages which had not yet become engulfed by the suburbs of London. He was educated at University College, where he won the gold medal for histology in 1885 and became known to S G Shattock, then curator of the museum. He qualified MRCS and LRCP in 1890 and must soon have recognized his unfitness to deal with private patients, for his shyness made him brusque in manner and address. He was house surgeon at the Cancer Hospital for a short time and from 1892 until 1906 was assistant medical officer at the London County Asylum, Colney Hatch. Here he did good scientific work and contributed articles to *The Lancet* as early as 1891, 2, 754 and 1892, 2, 1159, showed cases at the Pathological Society and wrote in the *Journal of Mental Science*, work which led to the award of a prize by the Medico-psychological Association in 1894 for his dissertation entitled "The degenerative lesions of the arterial system in the insane". He resigned his post at Colney Hatch in 1906 and became an unofficial worker at the Royal College of Surgeons, where his value was recognized by S G Shattock, the pathological curator. In 1908 he was a Hunterian professor of surgery and pathology, and in October 1909 he was appointed to assist Shattock in selecting, arranging, and cataloguing specimens in the museum to illustrate the main principles of general pathology. His energy, foresight, orderliness, and excellent technique, aided by the wide philosophic outlook of Professor Shattock, completed "for the first time", as Sir Arthur Keith wrote, "a work written not in words but in illustrative specimens, a complete and systematic treatise on general pathology". From 1916 onwards Beadles was engaged in arranging and describing the Army medical war collection of pathological and other specimens. The work occupied him, with the help of T W P Lawrence, FRCS, until 1921, when the preparations were entrusted by the War Office to the keeping of the College. The College recognized his services in 1927, when he was elected FRCS without examination. He was appointed pathological curator when Shattock died in 1925, and from then onwards was engaged in the never-ending task of making a new descriptive catalogue of the pathological specimens in the museum together with the examination and description of those which are being constantly added. He died on 3 January 1933 at Gresham House, Egham, and was buried at Englefield Green. It may fairly be said of Beadles that he was in the true line of succession of those who built up the pathological side of the Hunterian Museum: Clift, Paget, Doran, Goodhart, Targett, and Shattock; more he would not have wished.
Resource Identifier RCS: E003824
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Dukes, Cuthbert Esquire (1890 - 1977)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-11-26
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E006000-E006999/E006400-E006499
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/378627378627
Occupation Pathologist
Details Cuthbert Dukes, the son of a Congregational minister, was born on 24 July 1890 at Bridgwater, Somerset. He was educated at Caterham School and the University of Edinburgh and graduated in 1914. He served in the RAMC throughout the first world war attached to the Rifle Brigade, and was awarded the OBE for his services. After the war he became a demonstrator in bacteriology at University College, London, and became the first pathologist to St Mark's Hospital in 1922. It was there that he began his classical study on the pathology of cancer of the colon and rectum which was to bring him international fame. Of his many other contributions to proctology his pioneer work on familial polyposis was outstanding, and his establishment of the polyposis register at St Mark's Hospital was one of his most notable achievements. Dukes had a very wide interest in and around pathology starting with the publication of a book on the bacteriology of food in 1925, and continuing with a book on urine examination after his appointment to St Peter's Hospital in 1929. At the latter hospital he established an outstanding museum and provided a classification of bladder tumours which is still in daily use. Despite his hospital commitments he found time to run a busy private practice where his expert opinion was sought by many surgeons and physicians. One of the first members of the Association of Clinical Pathologists, he became President in 1952. At the Royal Society of Medicine he had the distinction of being President of the Section of Proctology in 1954, the Section of Urology in 1957, the Section of the History of Medicine in 1959 and of being elected an Honorary Fellow of the Society in 1974. A keen and active supporter of the Medical Society of London, he was its Lettsomian Lecturer, editor of the proceedings and then President in 1952. In recognition of his services to surgery he was elected FRCS in 1950 and Hunterian Professor two years later. His exceptional interest in, and concern for, patients was shown by his excellent study of those with colostomies and a valuable publication thereon. He also took a most active interest in the Ileostomy Association from the time of its foundation. 'Cubby', as he was known to his intimates, had a most kindly personality and whimsical sense of humour. He was an excellent companion and raconteur and took a great interest in both the surgical and pathological trainees at his hospitals. As a result he made numerous friends spread all over the world. His gentle character was compounded of an inner tranquillity and wisdom, strongly influenced by his Quaker faith. Cuthbert was a brother of the late Sir Paul Dukes, famous for his intelligence work in the first world war, and also of Ashley Dukes, the playwright. Their sister was one of the first women graduates of the University of London. He married Ethel Popplewell in 1915 and she, too, was an Edinburgh medical graduate. Their only son is an electronics engineer. In his latter years Cuthbert Dukes lived quietly in Wimbledon, enjoying the company of his friends and caring for his wife. After he died on 3 February 1977 she slipped quietly into coma and herself died eleven days later.
Resource Identifier RCS: E006444
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Symmers, William St Clair (1917 - 2000)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2015-12-07
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E008000-E008999/E008900-E008999
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/381145381145
Occupation Pathologist
Details William St Clair Symmers held the Chair of Pathology at Charing Cross. He was born on 16 August 1917 in Belfast, where his father, William St Clair Symmers, an American who had been born in South Carolina and trained at the University of Aberdeen, was Professor of Pathology and Bacteriology, having before that held the Chair at the Government Medical School in Cairo. His mother, Marion Latimer MacAlpine Macredie, came from Sydney, New South Wales, where her father was an architect. His uncle, Douglas Symmers, was Professor of Pathology at Cornell, New York. Among his medical cousins were Arthur Smith FRCS and Charles James Wright FRCS. William had a brilliant academic career. He attended Ashleigh House School in Belfast, the Royal Belfast Academical Institution and Queen's University, Belfast, where he won the Johnson Symingon medal for anatomy, the Sinclair medal for surgery in 1939, and gained first place in the annual scholarships from 1935 to 1939. During his clinical training, he obtained the Malcolm exhibition, the McQuitty scholarship, the Smith prize and the McGrath clinical scholarships in his final year. He spent a year on the surgical unit at Belfast, where his chief, P T Crymble, encouraged him to follow a career in surgery. He also fell in love with the theatre sister. He joined the RNVR in 1940, serving until 1946. His career now changed direction and, to the disappointment of Crymble, he became interested in pathology. After the war, he joined G Payling Wright's team at Guy's, moving on to Oxford in the following year, as demonstrator, senior assistant and finally consultant at the Radcliffe Infirmary in 1948, which he combined with a consultancy at Birmingham. In 1953, he was appointed to the Chair of Pathology at Charing Cross, where he remained until his retirement in 1982. He was known throughout the world for his standard textbook (edited with Payling Wright) *Systemic pathology* (Edinburgh and New York, Churchill Livingstone) and for his numerous publications, particularly on the mycoses. He was recognised by numerous honorary degrees and distinctions, including the honorary Fellowship of the College, the Yamagiwa medal and the Shield of the Red Gate from Tokyo, the Scott-Heron medal from the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, and the Morgagni medal from the University of Padua. He married his theatre sister, Jean Noble Wright, in 1941, and had one son, who entered general practice in Edinburgh. He died on 25 October 2000.
Resource Identifier RCS: E008962
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Spencer-Bernard, John Gray Churchill (1907 - 1977)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2015-03-19
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E006000-E006999/E006900-E006999
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/379150379150
Occupation Farmer General practitioner Pathologist
Details John Spencer-Bernard was born on 26 May 1907 in Ootacamund, India, the elder son of Sir Charles and Lady Edith Spencer. His father was ICS Puisne Judge of High Court of Judicature, Madras, while his uncle A J Spencer was editor of the standard textbook *Landlord and tenant*. It was in 1955 in relation to an inheritance that John Spencer changed his name by deed poll to Spencer-Bernard and at the same time changed the emphasis of his career from medicine to farming. He was educated at Marlborough College, winning the Guillebrand Prize in natural history and the leaving exhibition to be senior scholar and choral scholar at Magdalene College, Cambridge, gaining a first class in the Natural Science Tripos before going to the London Hospital Medical College as Freedom Research Scholar and winning several prizes. He enjoyed his house appointments under Sir James Walton and Charles Goulden and became a clinical assistant in pathology and also to surgical outpatients, working for and being influenced by Russell Howard, Sir Hugh Lett and Robert Hutchison (whom he described as much respected). During the second world war he volunteered repeatedly, but was finally pronounced unfit owing to sinus trouble. He became teacher and officer in the St John Ambulance in Shrewsbury where he was assistant surgeon to the Royal Salop Infirmary. After the war he became pathologist at Frenchay Hospital, Bristol. He also spent some years in general practice. In 1955 he inherited 850 acres in Buckinghamshire and abandoned his surgical career to farm them. However, towards the end of his life he conducted a clinic for the injection of varicose veins at Bletchley on behalf of John Hadfield, one of the surgeons at Stoke Mandeville Hospital. He was at one time Chairman of the Buckinghamshire Country Landowners' Association. Other interests included photography, piano, organ and forestry. At school and college he excelled in shooting and rowing, being stroke for Magdalene. In 1933 he married Phyllis Corley and they had two daughters and two sons. When he died on 28 March 1977 he was survived by his wife and family.
Resource Identifier RCS: E006967
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Edmunds, Walter (1850 - 1930)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2013-05-21
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E004000-E004999/E004000-E004099
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/376197376197
Occupation General surgeon Pathologist
Details Educated at St John's College, Cambridge, and at Addenbrooke's and St Thomas's Hospitals. He graduated BA at Cambridge after he had been placed in the second class of the Natural Sciences Tripos in 1872, and then entered St Thomas's Hospital, where he acted as resident accoucheur and house physician in 1877. He took part in the Turco- Russian war as a surgeon, and upon his return to England was appointed the first resident medical officer at the St Thomas's Home for paying patients. In July 1898 he was elected surgeon to out-patients at the Evelina Hospital for Children and resigned the post in 1903. In 1901 he was appointed surgeon to the Prince of Wales' General Hospital at Tottenham and held office until 1910 when he was appointed consulting surgeon. During these nine years he was the representative of the medical staff on the Board of Management and remained as a governor after his retirement. He presented the hospital with an X-ray equipment when radiography was still in its infancy. He died unmarried at Worthing on 23 September 1930. Being relieved of the necessity of earning a living by the practice of surgery, for he inherited a competence from an uncle, and being also of a retiring disposition Edmunds devoted his life to experimental research in surgical pathology. His first essay in 1885 began in the pathological laboratory at the University of Leipzig, then under the control of Professor Birch Hirschfeld where, collaborating with Charles Ballance and aided by the advice of Dr Hueber, a series of experiments were carried out to ascertain the best method of ligaturing the large arteries in their continuity under the newly-introduced Listerian methods. The first results were published in 1886 in a paper read before the Royal Medico-chirurgical Society, but the experiments were continued under Victor Horsley at the Brown Institute and in the pathological laboratory at St Thomas's Hospital under Charles Sherrington until the final results appeared in a classical work issued in 1891 entitled A treatise on the ligature of the great arteries in continuity; the conclusion arrived at being that, in opposition to the teaching of previous surgeons, a large artery should be tied with a round absorbable ligature without injury to its walls. Edmunds then turned his attention to the thyroid and, again working at the Brown Institute in the Wandsworth Road, was amongst the first to produce myxoedema experimentally in a monkey by extirpation of the gland. He also proved that it was possible to save dogs from the immediate effects of complete removal of the thyroid and parathyroids by the liberal use of milk and the injection of calcium salts. In connexion with the thyroid experiments he at one time kept a herd of goats which had been deprived of the thyroid gland, and the milk from these goats was sent daily to St Thomas's Hospital for the use of patients suffering from exophthalmic goitre. The goats were kept on a farm in Sussex belonging to William Arthur Brailey, then ophthalmic surgeon to St Thomas's Hospital. Edmunds was always a steady supporter of the Invalid Children's Aid Association. He took much trouble in selecting sites for the homes of children suffering from rheumatic disease of the heart, and established a convalescent home for them at Worthing. Apart from surgery he was much interested in music and had made a fine collection of gramophone records; he was also well-known as an amateur in colour photography and as freemason he was Worshipful Master of the King's College Lodge No 2993. Publications:- Ligation of the great arteries in continuity, with C A Ballance. *Med-chir Trans*. 1886, 69, 443. *A treatise on the ligature of the great arteries in continuity with observations on the nature, progress and treatment of aneurism*, with C A Ballance. London, 1891. 568 pp. Experiments on the thyroid and parathyroid glands. *Proc Physiol Soc*. 1895, p xxx. Observations and experiments on the pathology of Graves' disease. *J Path Bact*. 1896, 3, 488. *The Erasmus Wilson lectures on the pathology and diseases of the thyroid gland*. Edinburgh, 1901. *Sound and rhythm*. London, 1906. *Exophthalmic goitre*. London, 1921; 2nd edition, 1922.
Resource Identifier RCS: E004014
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching MacSween, Sir Roderick Norman McIver (1935 - 2015)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by J G Allan
Publication Date 2016-05-16 2019-08-05
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E009000-E009999/E009100-E009199
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/381327381327
Occupation Pathologist
Details Sir Roddy MacSween, professor of pathology at the University of Glasgow, was unquestionably one of Scotland’s most distinguished medical practitioners of his time. He was, as the popular press once put it, ‘top doc’, a man with a huge range of interests, both within and outside the sphere of medicine. He was born on the island of Lewis, the son of Murdo MacLeod MacSween and Christina MacSween née McIver. A son of the manse, he was educated on Lewis, on Skye and in Inverness. His medical education was in Glasgow. During his student years he was heavily involved in playing shinty and debating. As a liberal he was up against Scottish heavyweights of the time such as Donald Dewar and John Smith. Initially starting postgraduate training in internal medicine, his strong interest in basic sciences led him to a career in pathology. In 1964 he negotiated the MRCP with ease, under the guidance of Dan Cappell [*Munk’s Roll*, Vol.VII, p.88] of the Western Infirmary, and developed a particular interest in pathology of the liver. He became a lecturer in pathology in 1965. Two years spent in Denver, Colorado, on a postgraduate fellowship were both happy and profitable. A rapid rise through the ranks over the ensuing years led to his appointment in 1984 to the chair of pathology at Glasgow University, based at the Western Infirmary. He held this post until his retirement in 1999. Roddy’s skill as an interpreter of liver biopsy led to a worldwide referral practice and his election to a select group of the world’s finest hepatopathologists known as the gnomes; so called because their first meeting had been in Zurich. Despite his huge specialist workload and his administrative duties, he rarely missed the weekly gastrointestinal/hepatology clinical pathology case conference. He was a very enthusiastic teacher of undergraduates and postgraduate students. A constant stream of pathologists from all round the world came to his department. Roddy always found time to help and encourage them. Multiple publications had his name on them. The first ever edition of *Pathology of the liver* (Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone), co-edited with Peter Anthony and Peter Scheuer [*Munk’s Roll*, Vol.XII, web], appeared in 1979. This work is now established as the gold standard in its field. He also edited the 13th edition of *Muir’s textbook of pathology* (London, Edward Arnold, 1992). From 1985 until 1996, he was the editor of *Journal of Histopathology* and he also edited seven volumes of *Recent Advances in Histopathology*. When he was not at the microscope or in the post-mortem room, he was active in the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, and the Royal College of Pathologists, the last of which he was president from 1996 to 1999. His all-round abilities were recognised by the presidents of the other Royal Colleges, leading to his election as chairman of the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges from 1998 to 2000. He was knighted for services to pathology and medicine. His easy, relaxed and authoritative manner with lay members made him a natural to represent the profession in charities such as Tenovus Scotland, the British Lung Foundation in Scotland and the Children’s Liver Disease Foundation. He was president of the Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow. Many outside interests were squeezed into his working week. Gardening, hill-walking and marathon running were all undertaken with characteristic vigour. His sedentary interests were bridge and Rabbie Burns. He was president of the Bridgeton Burns Club, the largest in the world. Golf, however, was his passion (his lowest handicap was five). He once described himself as a workaholic; he was certainly a golfaholic! On one 18-day holiday in his beloved Kintyre, he played two 18 hole rounds on 14 days – on the other four he played three! He captained two clubs in Argyll, Southend and Machrihanish. In 1961 he married Marjory Pentland Brown, who supported him in all his professional activities while working as a dermatologist and rearing two children. Their daughter, Ruth, also became a dermatologist; their son Gordon an engineer and businessman. Marjory devoted large amounts of energy and time caring for Roddy during his final protracted illness, ably supported by his favourite Talisker whisky.
Resource Identifier RCS: E009144
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Willis, Rupert Allan (1898 - 1980)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2015-04-14
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E007000-E007999/E007000-E007099
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/379235379235
Occupation Pathologist
Details Rupert Allan Willis, the elder of two sons of Benjamin James Willis, a banker, was born on 24 December 1898 at Yarram, Victoria, Australia. His mother, Mary Elizabeth Giles (née James), was the daughter of a congregational minister, and his younger brother, James Hamlyn Willis, was a well-known botanist. Rupert Willis's early education was at Yarram State School and he then secured a State scholarship to Melbourne High School before entering Melbourne University in 1917. He graduated from the Alfred Hospital in 1922 and was resident medical officer there for a year before being appointed medical superintendent of the Austin Hospital, Melbourne, where he was subsequently pathologist from 1930 to 1945. During that appointment he spent one year as a Rockefeller research fellow, 1933-34, with Sir Arthur Keith at the Buckston Browne Farm. He returned to England in 1945 and spent three years as Sir William Collins Professor of Pathology at the Royal College of Surgeons. After publication of his two classic works, *The spread of tumours in the human body* (1934) and *Pathology of tumours* (1948), it is not surprising that he sought other opportunities to fulfil himself. In 1948 he was appointed as pathologist at the Royal Cancer Hospital but two years later was invited to take the chair of pathology at Leeds University, where he stayed for five years before being compelled to resign due to ill-health. At that time he developed obstructive jaundice which was attributed to carcinoma of the pancreas. Happily, that diagnosis was to be proved wrong as evinced by his subsequent twenty-five years survival. However this illness led to his premature 'retirement', first to Cornwall and later, after his wife's death, to his daughter's home in Cheshire, where he continued his work on experimental pathology and produced new editions and revisions of his textbooks. He also produced new works on the tumours of children and developmental disorders, as well as a textbook for undergraduates. Moreover, as consultant pathologist to the Imperial Cancer Research Fund he set up the Tumour Reference Collection which was later housed in the pathology department at Leeds. It is hard to exaggerate Rupert Willis's contribution to modern thinking on the pathology of tumours. His deep understanding of human embryology and morphology and an interest in comparative pathology, combined with his detailed observation and documentation, enabled him to lay new foundations for the approach to the classification and histogenesis of tumours. His clearly expressed, sometimes dogmatic, and even uncompromising views on tumour pathology provoked spirited discussion and thought. He certainly had a profound influence on a generation of histopathologists. Outside his professional work he had interests in music, art, philately, geology, petrology, botany, Chinese pottery and porcelain, and wildlife. He was, indeed, a man of the widest culture. His frank and unassuming manner was combined with great personal charm which endeared him to everyone, children and young people having an especial affection for him. In 1924 he married Margaret Tolhurst (well-known for her biography of Baron von Mueller) who was his devoted companion and assistant until her death in 1962. Their son, Dr Allan Trevor Willis, MD Melbourne, became director of the Public Health Laboratory at Luton in 1967, and their daughter, Betty Jean Willis, is a musician. Willis died at the age of 81, on 26 March 1980, survived by his children.
Resource Identifier RCS: E007052
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Stallard, Hyla Bristow (1901 - 1973)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-10-14
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E006000-E006999/E006100-E006199
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/378286378286
Occupation Ophthalmic surgeon Pathologist
Details Hyla Bristow Stallard, always known as Henry to his many friends, was born in Leeds on 28 April 1901. He went to a preparatory school in Cheltenham and then to Sherborne where in addition to success at his work he also began to show the athletic prowess which so distinguished his later career at Cambridge. He was at Clare College and won the mile against Oxford in 1920, 1921 and 1922. He was amateur champion of the United Kingdom for the mile, half-mile and quarter-mile for 1923-25, and ran for England from 1921 to 1927. He represented Great Britain in the Olympic Games of 1924, and the British Empire against the United States the same year. These athletic achievements did not interfere with his studies and he entered St Bartholomew's Hospital in 1923 with the Shuter Scholarship, and qualified with the Cambridge degree in 1925 and the Conjoint Diploma in 1926. He became house surgeon to Professor George Gask and won the Bentley Prize for the best houseman of his year. He was influenced in general surgical technique by Thomas Dunhill, but being naturally dextrous and interested in technical detail he became attracted to ophthalmology and in the eye department at Bart's came under the influence of Foster Moore. He obtained the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1928, and in the same year was appointed pathologist to Moorfields Hospital, and assistant surgeon in 1933. In 1937 he became assistant ophthalmic surgeon to St Bartholomew's, but shortly afterwards, as he was a Territorial, he left his hospital duties to serve first in the Middle East and the Western Desert, and later with the advanced units in the Normandy campaign. He made valuable contributions to the surgery of the eye injuries, for which he was awarded the MBE in 1942 and was mentioned in despatches in 1943. He was then a Major in the RAMC, and refused further promotion as this would have involved abandoning clinical ophthalmology. Returning to civilian practice after the war he was made full surgeon to the ophthalmic department at Bart's in 1945, and to Moorfields in 1947, and resumed his special work on the irradiation treatment of malignant disease of the eye, for which he became famous the world over. As a house surgeon he was associated with the use of radium in the Surgical Professorial Unit, and then collaborated with Foster Moore in the treatment of eye tumours with radium. He obtained further opportunities for pursuing this special interest by being appointed surgeon to the Radium Institute and Mount Vernon Hospital. He was a tireless worker - his athletic fitness stood him in good stead - and he insisted on the most careful and detailed examination of every patient, and the same unhurried attention to detail in every operation he undertook; and he will be remembered for his rather shy but unfailing courtesy to his patients and his colleagues. Stallard was awarded many academic distinctions, having been a Hunterian Professor in 1955, 1960 and 1967; President of the Section of Ophthalmology of the Royal Society of Medicine in 1967 to 1969; President of the Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom 1972-73; and Honorary LLD in the University of St Andrew's in 1952. He was a gifted artist, and some of his many publications were illustrated with his own drawings. In 1932 he married Gwynneth Constance Page whom he had met in his early days at Moorfields, and in their happy married life she was always closely associated with his professional and literary work. Henry was a man of simple tastes and spartan self-discipline, and it was particularly sad that the man who had been so distinguished as an athlete, and as one who preferred a bicycle to a motor car for travelling about the London streets, should have been ultimately crippled by Paget's disease of the pelvis complicated by sarcoma. Of this he died on 21 October 1973, and his wife survived him.
Resource Identifier RCS: E006103
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Carter, Robert Markham (1875 - 1961)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-02-03
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E004000-E004999/E004900-E004999
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/377132377132
Occupation Curator General surgeon Pathologist
Details Born on 18 October 1875, son of Captain Arthur William Markham Carter of the 25th Native Infantry and Rosalie Edmunds Bradley, Robert Markham Carter was educated at Epsom where he played in the fifteen. He then studied medicine at St George's and St Bartholomew's Hospitals and in Paris. He took the MRCS and LRCP in 1901 and entered the Indian Medical Service on 29 January 1902 as medical officer to the 1st Bombay Lancers. From 1903 to 1904 he was attached to the Anglo-Turkish Boundary Commission in the Aden interior. During leave in Britain in 1904 he carried out research work in several laboratories. On his return to India, then a Captain, he was posted to the North-West Frontier, where in the Zakka Khel expedition of 1908 he was severely wounded. He was awarded the medal with clasp. After this Carter was transferred to the civil side of the Service and his first posting was at the Pasteur Institute, Kasauli where his previous research experience was useful, but he wished to devote his life to clinical work so in 1911 he went to St George's Hospital, Bombay as resident surgeon. He obtained the FRCS in 1912 and was appointed Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy at the Grant Medical College in that year. In 1913 Carter became Second Presidency Surgeon, and 2nd Physician at the Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy Hospital, Bombay, and the following year he was appointed Third Presidency Surgeon, Professor of Pathology and Morbid Anatomy, and Curator of the Museum of the Grant Medical College, Bombay. With the outbreak of the first world war Carter was recalled to military duty and placed in medical charge of the Varela. This hospital ship was sent to Basra to evacuate casualties from the defeat at Ctesiphon. The many sick and wounded were transported in barges along the tortuous river Tigris; Carter was profoundly shocked by their condition on arrival and said so. This criticism led to a succession of stormy interviews in which Carter was accused of being meddlesome and interfering, but he was not intimidated by threats of arrest and loss of his career. He insisted on a personal interview with the Commander-in-Chief, General Sir John Nixon. The result is recorded in the report of the Mesopotamian Commission, which contains these words: "Carter by his persistence brought to the notice of his superiors the terrible condition of the wounded when they arrived at Basra after Ctesiphon, and in other ways he revealed shortcomings which might have been ignored and left unremedied. His sense of duty seems to be most commendable, and he was fertile and resourceful in suggesting remedies." In April 1916 Carter was sent to the India Office in Whitehall to organise medical equipment for the Mesopotamian expedition; when the War Office took over the operations Carter was transferred there and was made responsible for the complete fitting out of the hospital ships. He organised a river hospital fleet, a water-post system and purification plant, an ice-making fleet and refrigerator barges. He was thrice mentioned in dispatches, and given the brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel on 26 April 1916. In 1918 Carter was appointed CB and placed on special duty under the Controller-General of Merchant Shipping. He did valuable work for the Admiralty as medical supervisor of labour and housing. After the war he returned to his civil career in Bombay, as first Physician at the JJ Hospital and Professor at the Grant Medical College. In 1925 he was appointed First Presidency Surgeon, and consulting physician to the European General Hospital, Bombay. He retired in 1927 with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. He married Kate Elizabeth, daughter of Alexander Michie Saunderson; they had one son and three daughters. He died on 13 March 1961 at his home, Paddock Cottage, Ascot, Berkshire at the age of 85. Mrs Carter died there on 30 April 1965 aged 86.
Resource Identifier RCS: E004949
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Doggart, James Hamilton (1900 - 1989)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2015-05-08
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E007000-E007999/E007200-E007299
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/379385379385
Occupation Ophthalmic surgeon Pathologist
Details James Hamilton Doggart, the third child and third son of Arthur Robert Doggart, a master draper, and of Mary (née Graham), was born at Bishop Auckland on 22 January 1900. After education at King James I Grammar School, Bishop Auckland, and Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Darlington, he served for a short while as a Surgeon Sub-Lieutenant in the Royal Navy in 1918. He entered King's College, Cambridge, as a senior open foundation scholar in 1919, before moving on to St Thomas's Hospital. After qualifying he was ophthalmic house surgeon at St Thomas's, then house surgeon and casualty officer at the Royal Northern Hospital. Doggart was extremely unlucky to reach the peak of his ophthalmic training in the late 1920s and early '30s, when the policy of Moorfields Hospital was rarely to accept a UK doctor as a house surgeon. Australia and New Zealand were the chief beneficiaries of this policy. As a result, early in his career, Doggart substituted pathology for surgery as his main interest, serving as pathologist at the Westminster Ophthalmic Hospital and, later, Lang Research Scholar at Moorfields Hospital from 1930 to 1933. Later he was appointed as assistant surgeon, then surgeon and lecturer in ophthalmology to St George's Hospital; ophthalmic surgeon to the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, and lecturer in the Institute of Child Health; ophthalmic surgeon to Lord Mayor Treloar Hospital; assistant surgeon to the Central London Ophthalmic Hospital and eventually assistant surgeon, then surgeon, to Moorfields Eye Hospital as well as lecturer in the Institute of Ophthalmology. Jimmie, as he was widely known, was a bibliophile and classics scholar who enjoyed reading ancient Greek. He loved the ambience of a literate community and never felt at home in the operating theatre. Consequently he was happy to leave the "carpentry of ophthalmology", as he called it, to others, while he interested himself in the medical aspects of his specialty. He found his metier in coping with diseases of the eye in children; in slit lamp microscopy (at that time a new method of investigation); and in the esoteric problems of ophthalmic medicine, on which he published a number of books: *Diseases of children's eyes*, *Children's eye nursing*; *Ocular signs in slit-lamp microscopy* and *Ophthalmic medicine*. He also wrote numerous chapters in books of multiple authorship as well as many medical papers on ophthalmology. He wrote in lucid style, bordering on the poetic, and the substance of his message was polished and superbly presented. He was an examiner in ophthalmology for the Royal College of Physicians and examiner for the ophthalmic FRCS, and he also served as Faculty of Ophthalmology representative on Council of the Royal College of Surgeons. Doggart was a liveryman of the Society of Apothecaries, and an honorary member of the Australian, New Zealand, Canadian and Peruvian Societies of Ophthalmology, and of the Oto-neuro-ophthalmological Society of the Argentine. He was a man of intense likes and dislikes, his world being peopled by faultless gods or demons without virtue which, at times, could be a greater embarrassment to himself than to his associates. His usual stance was that of a well groomed member of the establishment, precise to the verge of primness, but he would occasionally make a comical remark which reduced his listeners to convulsive laughter. He was often at the centre of lively conversation at the Garrick Club where he was a regular and much appreciated member. He was certainly held in high regard by his students who found him a colourful and inspiring teacher. In his retirement he gained great satisfaction by recording many of the classics of English literature on electronic tapes for the blind. He was twice married: first to Doris Hilda Mennell in 1928, by whom he had a daughter who married Dr Walter W Yellowlees, of Aberfeldy; and, secondly, to Leonora Sharpley Gatti in 1938, by whom there was a son who became a barrister. When he died on 15 October 1989 he was survived by his second wife and by his son and daughter.
Resource Identifier RCS: E007202
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Warwick, William Turner (1888 - 1949)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2013-12-04
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E004000-E004999/E004700-E004799
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/376928376928
Occupation General surgeon Pathologist
Details Born on 1 March 1888, the son of W G Warwick, of Hatfield, Yorkshire, he was educated at Doncaster Grammar School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he was a sizar in I906. He won his "blue" in the university athletic team in 1907, and was placed as a junior optime in part I of the Mathematical Tripos, 1909. From 1909 to 1911 he was a schoolmaster at Bedales School. Warwick won an entrance scholarship to Middlesex Hospital Medical School in 1911, and in 1915, when he took the Conjoint qualification, he was Broderip scholar. He served in the RAMC during the remainder of the war of 1914-18, and graduated in medicine and surgery at Cambridge in 1918. Warwick was house physician and obstetric and gynaecological registrar at the Middlesex Hospital, and house surgeon to Victor Bonney. He was at first chiefly interested in the surgery of the alimentary tract, and served in 1919 as resident surgical officer at St Mark's Hospital for Diseases of the Rectum, followed by a period as resident surgical officer at the General Infirmary at Leeds, when Moynihan was at the height of his fame there, and he also worked there under Harry Littlewood. Warwick returned to the Middlesex Hospital in 1921 as surgical pathological registrar. He was deeply influenced by James McIntosh, professor of pathology in the Bland-Sutton Institute at the hospital. Warwick continued to work regularly at the Institute, and his surgery was based on profound pathological knowledge combined with a natural flair for diagnosis. Under the influence of W Sampson Handley he became increasingly concerned with the surgery of cancer. He edited the *Cancer Review*, 1926-32, and became an authority on the correlation of surgery with other methods of treating malignant disease, such as radio-therapy. He was appointed assistant surgeon to the hospital in 1923. Warwick kept up his interest in rectal surgery, and was vice-president of the sub-section of proctology at the Royal Society of Medicine, besides serving for many years on the society's council. He examined in surgery for London University, and was consulting surgeon to the London County Council. During the war of 1939-45 he was senior surgeon for the Middlesex sector of the emergency medical service set up by the Ministry of Health. At the College he was a Hunterian professor in 1942, lecturing on the growth of long bones. At the time of his death he had been senior surgeon since 1945, and was surgeon in charge of the rectal clinic at his hospital. He was consulting surgeon to Peterborough War Memorial Hospital and to the British Legion, and director of the Bournemouth Cancer Clinic. His small book on the *Rational treatment of varicose veins*, published in 1931, remained for many years the authority on the subject. Warwick was a painstaking and sympathetic consultant, and as a surgeon consistently obtained excellent results though not technically brilliant. He was a successful and influential trainer of assistants, but not fond of teaching undergraduates. His intellect was logical and fertile; big of stature, he was shy but pleasant of manner, and of great depth of character. Warwick married in 1921 Dr Joan Harris, MRCS, daughter of Theodore Harris, of Limpsfield, Surrey, who survived him with three sons and a daughter. The eldest son was, like Warwick himself, a Cambridge athletic "blue" and a Broderip scholar. Warwick practised at 18 Harley Street, and lived at Fitzroy Farm Cottage, Highgate. He died in the Middlesex Hospital on 21 August 1949, aged 61. Publications: A new technique, combining the use of surgery and radium in the treatment of cancer of the breast. *Lancet*, 1930, 1, 1341. *The rational treatment of varicose veins and varicocele*. London, Faber, 1931. Colostomy and its inherent difficulties, a suggested operative technique. *Lancet*, 1935, 2, 298.
Resource Identifier RCS: E004745
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Hadfield, Geoffrey (1889 - 1968)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-08-05
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E005000-E005999/E005700-E005799
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/377948377948
Occupation Pathologist
Details Geoffrey Hadfield was born on 17 August 1889, in Manchester, the son of James Hadfield, a merchant whose interest in the import trade was associated with a love of travel, for he made four voyages round the world, landing finally at Plymouth, which he liked so much that he decided to settle there when Hadfield was 9 years old. His education at the Hoe Grammar School was followed by a pre-medical course at the Plymouth Technical College in company with Norman Lake and J W Trevan, the latter accompanying him as a student to St Bartholomew's Hospital which he entered shortly after his sixteenth birthday. He soon distinguished himself by winning a Junior Scholarship and the Harvey Prize in Physiology in 1908. He qualified with the London degree in 1911 and then held house appointments at St Bartholomew's and the Metropolitan Hospital, and was a medical officer and resident pathologist at the Miller General Hospital, Greenwich, when war broke out in 1914. In 1913 he had won the Gold Medal in the London MD Examination at the unusually early age of 24. Though initially inclined towards clinical medicine, his interest in pathology developed in the RAMC, the first impetus in this direction arising from the fact that when there was an epidemic of cerebrospinal fever in France during the winter of 1914-15 he happened to be the only one among a group of officers who knew how to examine specimens of cerebrospinal fluid. Subsequently he served in Gallipoli and Mesopotamia where his experience in the laboratory diagnosis of various intestinal infections resulted in a valuable contribution to the literature. He was demobilised in 1919, and in 1920 he was appointed clinical pathologist to the Bristol General Hospital and demonstrator in the University Department, where he taught till 1928 when he became Professor of Pathology at the London School of Medicine for Women, the Royal Free Hospital. His phenomenal visual memory enabled him to excel as a morbid anatomist and histologist, and his skill in drawing made him an ideal teacher of this special subject. This teaching was always closely related to clinical medicine, his own continuing interest in the clinical aspects being manifested by passing the MRCP Examination in 1925. He was elected FRCP in 1932. In 1933 he returned to Bristol as Professor, but only for two years as he was appointed to the chair at St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College in 1935. Here his ability as a teacher was greatly appreciated, as was his kindly interest in the many young men who came to him for advice in planning their careers and research projects. His quiet, almost diffident manner put them at their ease, and they knew that they could rely upon the breadth of his knowledge and his practical wisdom, coupled with a determination to examine with the most meticulous care every aspect of any problem presented to him. This kindliness, coupled with great administrative ability, enabled him to overcome all difficulties in establishing a first-class department of pathology in the Emergency Medical Service in 1939, for he was one of the very few members of the Hospital Staff who bothered to learn how to cooperate with the Ministry of Health. He thus managed to convert a small dwelling house in the grounds of Hill End Hospital, St Albans, into a pathology laboratory capable of undertaking a modest amount of teaching and research as well as satisfying the needs of a large hospital with several specialized units, and housing the headquarters of the pathological services of the whole of Sector 3 of the EMS. After the war Hadfield had to undertake more than his fair share of administrative reconstruction, first in the disordered Museum Department of Pathology at Bart's, and then in 1948 moving to the Royal College of Surgeons where he played a prominent part not only in the restoration of the war-damaged department, but particularly, as the first Sir William Collins Professor of Pathology, in establishing teaching and research in the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, of which he became the first Dean. For these distinguished services to the College he was elected to the Fellowship in 1954. He retired from these College appointments in 1955 when he became Director of Clinico-Pathological Research of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund. Later still he returned to the College Department of Physiology where he continued his studies of wound healing until his final retirement in 1966. His chief contribution to medical literature was *Recent advances in pathology*, in collaboration with L P Garrod, a text-book which he saw through six editions, and which was subsequently continued by Professor C V Harrison. He also wrote on wound healing, and on human breast cancer. He was founder member of the Association of Clinical Pathologists, of which he became President, an appropriate distinction for one who, though an academic pathologist, always approached his problems from a clinical standpoint. In 1918 he married Eileen, daughter of William Irvine, and they had two sons and one daughter, all of whom became Fellows of the College. Their family life was ideally happy, and they lived in Charterhouse Square while he worked at Bart's and in Lincoln's Inn Fields, moving after his retirement to Henley-on-Thames. He died on 9 January, 1968 in Bedford, at the home of his younger son.
Resource Identifier RCS: E005765
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Lee, Henry (1817 - 1898)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2012-06-21
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E002000-E002999/E002500-E002599
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/374685374685
Occupation General surgeon Pathologist
Details The son of Captain Pincke Lee, of Woolley Firs, Maidenhead Thicket. He entered King's College, London, as a student in 1833, but transferred to St George's Hospital in 1834, where he became one of the first, if not the first, Surgical Registrar, and later Curator of the Museum and Lecturer in Physiology. Seeing that promotion was slow at St George's Hospital, he gladly took the opportunity of connecting himself with the newly-founded King's College Hospital, where he was appointed Assistant Surgeon in 1847. About the same time he also became Surgeon to the Lock Hospital, and laid the foundation for his reputation as a syphilologist. In 1861 there were two vacancies on the staff at St George's Hospital, caused by the simultaneous resignation of Caesar Hawkins (qv) and E Cutler (qv). Henry Gray (qv) proposed to stand, but died from confluent small-pox. Lee consented then to transfer back to St George's Hospital, and he and Timothy Holmes (qv) were elected. Two years later, in 1863, Lee became full Surgeon and retired in 1878, at the age of 60, to make way for junior men, his immediate successor being T Pickering Pick (qv). Lee's connection with the Royal College of Surgeons was long and honourable. He was awarded the Jacksonian Prize in 1849 with a dissertation "On the Causes, Consequences and Treatment of Purulent Deposits"; he was a Member of Council 1870-1878, and in 1875 delivered the Museum Lectures on Surgery and Pathology as Hunterian Professor, his subject being "Syphilis and Local Diseases affecting principally the Organs of Generation". Lee is to be remembered as a pathologist, a syphilologist, and a surgeon. He was a disciple of Brodie, and an ardent admirer and follower of the teaching of John Hunter. His contemporary and old friend, Holmes, who wrote his obituary notice in the *Lancet*, was of the opinion that his works most likely to stand the test of time were his treatise on practical pathology, his lectures on syphilis at the Royal College of Surgeons, and his treatise on venereal diseases in Holmes's *System of Surgery*. In addition to these he was the author of many works and contributions to scientific journals. He was always interested in the diseases of veins, and revived one of the most successful of the palliative operations which were in use for the treatment of varicocele and varicose veins in the period before the introduction of antiseptic surgery enabled surgeons to use the methods of excision and injection. This method consisted in blocking the circulation in the vein in two places by pins thrust under its course with a figure-of-eight ligature wound about each, and then dividing the vein subcutaneously between the pins. In 1856 he read a paper at the Medico-Chirurgical Society on "Calomel Fumigation in Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Syphilis", which was claimed as a real and important improvement on the current practice of the administration of mercury. Lee retired in 1878, living for twenty years afterwards. He died at his residence, 61 Queensborough Terrace, Hyde Park, on June 11th, 1898. He was twice married, and was survived by his widow and by daughters of both marriages; his only son predeceased him. A fine portrait of Lee, by James Sant, RA, hangs in the Secretary's room of the Royal College of Surgeons, and his bust by Brock is in the Hall. Publications: *On Diseases of the Veins, Haemorrhoidal Tumours, and other Affections of the Rectum*, 8vo, 2nd ed, London, 1846. "Statistical Analysis of One Hundred and Sixty-six Cases of Secondary Syphilis observed at the Lock Hospital, 1838-9," 8vo, London, 1849; reprinted from *Lond Jour of Med*. *On the Origin of Inflammation of the Veins, and on the Causes, Consequences and Treatment of Purulent Deposits*, Jacksonian Prize Essay, 1849, 8vo, plate, London, 1850. The original MS of this essay is in the Royal College of Surgeons' Library. *Pathological and Surgical Observations, including a Short Course of Lectures delivered at the Lock Hospital, and an Essay on the Surgical Treatment of Haemorrhoidal Tumours*, 8vo, 2 plates, London, 1854. *An Essay on the Surgical Treatment of Haemorrhoidal Tumours; read before the Medical Society of London*, Feb 11th, 1854, 8vo, London, 1854. *On the Radical Cure of Varicocele by Subcutaneous Incision*, 8vo, London, 1860. *On General Principles in Medicine: an Introductory Address, delivered at St George's Hospital*, 1863, 8vo, London, 1863. *Lectures on Syphilitic and Vaccino-syphilitic Inoculations: their Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment*, 2nd ed, 8vo, 5 plates, London, 1863; translated into French by EMILE BAUDOT, 1865, and into Portuguese by MARQUES, 1863. *Lectures on some Subjects connected with Practical Pathology and Surgery*, 2 vols, 3rd ed, 8vo, London, 1870. *Lectures on Syphilis, and on some Forms of Local Disease affecting principally the Organs of Generation*, 8vo, London, 1875. *On Syphilitic Inoculation*, 1862. "Syphilis" and "Gonorrhoea" in Holmes's *Surgery*, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd editions; also "Venereal Diseases" in 3rd edition. "Phlebitis" and "Diseases of the Veins" in Cooper's *Surgical Dictionary*. *Phlebitis*, 1850. "Secondary Deposits and Mortification from Diseases of the Arteries." - *Brit and For Med-Chir Rev*, 1857, xx, 214. "Mercurial Fumigation in the Treatment of Syphilis." - *Med-Chir Trans*, 1856, xxxix, 339. "Abscesses and Purulent Infiltration of Bone." - *Lond Jour of Med*, 1851-2. "On Repair after Injuries to Arteries and Veins" (with L S BEALE). - *Med-Chir Trans*, 1867, 1, 477. "On the Tapetum Lucidum and the Functions of the Fourth Pair of Nerves," 8vo, London, 1887; reprinted from *Med-Chir Trans*, 1886, lxix, 239, and *Lancet*, 1886, i, 203.
Resource Identifier RCS: E002502
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Foulerton, Alexander Grant Russell (1863 - 1931)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2013-06-19
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E004000-E004999/E004100-E004199
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/376286376286
Occupation Pathologist
Details Born at Exeter, 22 April 1863, the eldest son of Captain Alexander Foulerton of HM Indian Navy. He was educated at Kensington School and studied medicine at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. In 1884 he served as assistant house surgeon at St Bartholomew's Hospital, Chatham, when A W Nankivell was house surgeon. He became clinical assistant at the Royal Westminster and the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospitals, but soon determined to devote himself to the rapidly expanding science of pathology. In 1899 he was appointed pathologist to the Chelsea Hospital for Women and in 1897-98 was assistant bacteriologist and demonstrator of biological chemistry at the Jenner (now the Lister) Institute of Preventive Medicine. He was elected in 1899 lecturer on public health and bacteriologist at the Middlesex Hospital, where during 1900-04 he was in charge of the Cancer Research Laboratories. In 1902 he was assistant, and later chief, medical officer to the East Sussex County Council, and lecturer on public health at University College, London, and at the London School of Medicine for Women. From 1902 until April 1928 he was actively engaged in public health work in East Sussex, and on his retirement he was complimented by being appointed honorary consulting medical officer of health. He joined the RAMC(T) during the war of 1914-18 with the rank of captain, and took over the charge of the Chemical and Hygiene Laboratory at Boulogne, which carried out all food and other analyses in connection with the British Army in France. He served in this position from 1915 to 1917, when he was sent home to take charge of the hygiene department of the Royal Army Medical College, then housed in University College Hospital. Foulerton served as an examiner in public health to the University of London and to the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, and when Milroy lecturer at the Royal College of Physicians in 1910 he took as his subject "The streptotrichoses and their relationship to tuberculosis". At the annual meeting of the British Medical Association at Ipswich in 1900 he was honorary secretary of the section of pathology, and at the Sheffield meeting in 1908 he was a vice-president of the section. He was greatly interested in the work of the London and Counties Medical Protection Society, of which he was one of the first members, and served for ten years (1895-1905) as the honorary financial secretary. He married on 22 October 1891 Jessie Blanche Wakeley, who survived him with one son and two daughters. His son, Alexander Barclay Foulerton, was lieutenant-commander in HMS *Beaufort*, the survey ship, at the time of his father's death. Foulerton died on 2 February 1931, two days after a cerebral haemorrhage. Foulerton had great administrative capacity and a sound judgement, in addition to his scientific attainments. He was also possessed of wide literary, historical, and naval knowledge. Tall and good-looking, he spoke in a hesitating manner and in a quiet pleasant voice. Publications:- Joint editor *Review of Bacteriology*, 1911-17. Joint editor *Archives of the Middlesex Hospital*, 1903-14, and editor of the *Reports of the Cancer Research Laboratory*, 1902-04 which were issued as part of the *Archives*. *The streptotrichoses and tuberculosis*. Milroy lectures. London, 1910. *On protozoal parasites of the rat and spirochaetal infection*. Report of Public Health Department, Corporation of London. London, 1919. Pathology of streptothrix infections. Allbutt and Rolleston's *System of Medicine*, 1906, 2, 302. Poisoning by arsenobenzol compounds. *Brit med J*. 1920, 1, 864.
Resource Identifier RCS: E004103
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Lawrence, Thomas William Pelham (1858 - 1936)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2013-07-31
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E004000-E004999/E004300-E004399
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/376521376521
Occupation Curator Pathologist
Details Born 20 March 1858 at The Grange, Ware, Herts, the fifth of the seven sons of Robert Lawrence, owner of maltings at Ware and Hertford, and of Elizabeth Dawes, his wife. He was educated at the Cholmely School, Highgate under J Bradley Dyne, DD, and played rugby in the first XV. He began to study law in a solicitor's office, but in 1879 entered University College Hospital. He soon attracted the attention of Sir George Dancer Thane, professor of anatomy at University College, by his skilful dissections and his artistic powers, and became his assistant demonstrator. After a short experience as assistant to a doctor in Devonshire he returned to London and was appointed curator of the museum at University College in succession to Charles Stonham in October 1890, became lecturer on morbid anatomy in UCF Medical School in 1910, and was pathologist to the hospital from 1910 until 1924. As curator of the museum at University College he was responsible for the description of the surgical and obstetric specimens, and he arranged all the preparations in the museum of the new medical school after its separation from the College. In 1923 he retired from University College and went to the Royal College of Surgeons to assist Cecil Beadles, who followed Samuel Shattock as pathological curator. Beadles died in 1933 and Lawrence continued to serve until March 1935, when he retired on account of ill-health. His retirement was marked by a special vote of thanks from the President and Council of the College and by a farewell banquet at the Langham Hotel given by his numerous friends and colleagues. He lived during his active life at Latimer Cottage, Epsom Lane, Tadworth, Surrey, and died on 26 June 1936 at Shaston, Little Common, Sussex, survived by his wife, Christina Knewstub, whom he had married on 6 August 1902, and by his only child, a daughter. Lawrence was a man of many interests in life and his motto was "thorough", for all that he did was well done and always to the very best of his ability. Well read in Latin and Greek, he knew French, German, Italian, Spanish, Swedish, and Russian, and kept himself well informed of the chief works on pathology in those languages. His artistic ability is seen in the drawings of the bones which he made for the tenth edition of Quain's *Anatomy*. He was devoted to his garden and was skilled in the almost lost art of mowing with a scythe. He was a true friend and a man of great modesty and self-effacement. Publications: Necrosis of the cortex of both kidneys, with Sir John Rose Bradford, *J Path Bact* 1893, 5, 195. The optic commissure. *J Anat* 1894, 28, *Proc Anat Soc* pp 18-20. Redescription of the specimen of spondylolisthesis in the museum of University College. *Trans Obstet Soc Lond* 1900, 42, 75-89. *University College, London: Descriptive catalogue of surgical pathology*, new edition, with Raymond Johnson. London, 1899-1906. True hermaphroditism in the human subject. *Trans Path Soc Lond* 1905-06, 57, 21-44, with summary in Latin. Tumours, in Choyce's *System of Surgery*, 3rd edition, 1932, 1, 328-587, with Raymond Johnson. A note on the pathology of the Kanam mandible; notes on the pathology of a neolithic skeleton and also certain pathological bones from Bromhead's site, Elmenteita, appendices A and D, in L S B Leakey's *Stone-age races of Kenya*, 1935. He delivered the Erasmus Wilson demonstrations at the RCS 1928, on surgical specimens in the museum; they were not published.
Resource Identifier RCS: E004338
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching King, Edgar Samuel John (1900 - 1966)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-08-26
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E005000-E005999/E005800-E005899
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/378051378051
Occupation General surgeon Pathologist
Details Edgar King was born at Mosgiel in New Zealand on 10 June 1900, but went over to Melbourne to the High School and remained for the rest of his life in that city. His undergraduate career was outstanding, and after graduation in 1923, he remained on the junior staff of the Alfred Hospital until he departed for London to work for the Fellowship. He did the Primary course at the Middlesex, and the Final course at Guy's, and passed the examination in 1927. On his return to Melbourne he was appointed a lecturer in pathology and devoted a great deal of his time to research, and proceeded to win the Jacksonian Prize in 1930 for his essay on the pathology of ovarian cysts; in 1933 on localized rarefying changes in bones; and in 1938 on the surgery of the heart, this third subject being the outcome of his appointment in 1931 as surgeon to the Royal Melbourne Hospital. He was a prodigious worker, but that alone could not account for this phenomenal achievement. At the outbreak of war in 1939 King at once joined the Army Medical Service and was posted to the Middle East where he made a special contribution to the development of chest surgery. Later he returned to Australia and devoted his energies to the organization of the new military hospital of Heidelberg, and when this was well established he completed military duty in New Guinea. On demobilization it was discovered that he had extensive pulmonary disease which necessitated six months treatment in hospital and ultimately the abandonment of his surgical career. In 1947 he became pathologist to the Royal Melbourne Hospital, and in 1951 Professor of Pathology in the University of Melbourne, an appointment which he held with great distinction till his retirement shortly before his death in January 1966. Though he was forced to abandon the practice of surgery he was able to devote himself to pathology with enthusiasm because he regarded it as the foundation of sound surgical treatment, and his administrative ability enabled him to establish a first-rate department in spite of financial stringency. The encouragement he gave to the many excellent young men, clinicians as well as pathologists, who became his assistants, made them his willing slaves, and enhanced the reputation of the department, as well as gaining for many of them their coveted PhDs. He was a superb teacher, at undergraduate as well as postgraduate level. In addition to his university duties he also undertook to serve on the Council of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, of which he was Treasurer from 1951 to 1958. He was on the editorial committee of the Australian and New Zealand journal of surgery from 1939 to 1959, and its Chairman from 1950 to 1959. In 1930 he married Leonora Shaw, and thereafter enjoyed the domestic security of a very happy home. His wife and their four daughters survived him. His favourite hobby was stamp-collecting, and he also derived great pleasure from his extensive library which reflected his wide range of interests apart from medicine - education, history, art, science, psychology, and detective fiction. He was the author of some hundred papers on pathology and surgery, and of a textbook of surgical pathology which he began to write while he was a patient in Heidelberg Hospital after the war. In December 1965 his students past and present combined to make up a volume of their papers as a tribute to him on his retirement; and his portrait, painted by William Dargie in 1960, hangs in the University department of pathology.
Resource Identifier RCS: E005868
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Washbourn, John Wickenford (1863 - 1902)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2013-01-30
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E003000-E003999/E003400-E003499
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/375617375617
Occupation Pathologist Physician Physiologist
Details Born at Gloucester in 1863, son of William Washbourn, a descendant of Sir Roger Washbourn, of Knight's Washbourn (*temp* 1370), went to King's College, Gloucester, then studied at Guy's Hospital, winning the Entrance Scholarship in 1881 and greatly distinguishing himself as well by taking prizes at the Hospital as by the scholarships and medals he won at the University. After his resident appointment he worked under von Baumgarten at Königsberg and Grüber in Vienna on bacteriology and bacteriotherapy. On his return in 1889 he was appointed Assistant Physician at Guy's Hospital, where he initiated the Department of Bacteriology. In 1891 he became Joint Lecturer on Physiology, and Lecturer on Bacteriology in 1892, Physician to the London Fever Hospital in 1897, and Physician to Guy's Hospital. Commenced in Germany, Washbourn carried on up to the time of his death researches on the pneumnococcus in relation to pneumonia, the varieties and life history of the Diplococcus pneumoniae, with an estimation of the virulence of the various strains. He sought to obtain from horses an antipneumonic serum, potent enough to influence cases of acute pneumonia, and he recorded his results in the *British Medical Journal* (1897, i, 510; ii, 1849). He studied the clinical applications of antidiphtheritic serum and published his observations in conjunction with Drs E W Goodall and J H Card. In 1897 he investigated the Maidstone typhoid epidemic and found the source of contamination in the water from the Tutsham-in-Field spring. With G Bellingham Smith he investigated the infective sarcomata of dogs in 1898. In February, 1900, Washbourn went out as Consulting Physician to the Imperial Yeomanry Hospital in South Africa, and served for sixteen months, first at Deelfontein, then in Pretoria. He organized the medical work of the Hospital with great success, was gazetted Consulting Physician to the Forces and made a CMG. Soon after his return, when President of the Section of Pathology and Bacteriology at the Annual Meeting of the British Medical Association, he took as the subject of his opening address "Some Pathological Notes from South Africa" and related "Observations on Infective Diseases Prevalent in the South African Army" (*Brit Med Jour*, 1901, ii, 699). He had acted as Examiner in Physiology for the Royal College of Physicians, and he was appointed Croonian Lecturer for 1902. He devoted the winter of 1901-1902 to the preparation of the subject of his lectures, "The Natural History and Pathology of Pneumonia". The lectures were delivered from his notes by Sir William Hale-White after Washbourn's death, and included a survey of the subject, the varieties and virulence of the coccus, the modes of its growth, and the preparation of an antipneumonic serum. He had carried out with Dr M S Pembrey a series of experiments on the channels taken by dust inhaled into the lungs. Washbourn had an infinite capacity for taking pains, a keenly critical appreciation of the relative value of his results, tempered with a scepticism which refused to accept the apparently obvious until after an accumulation of confirmatory evidence. As a teacher he was luminous, and at Guy's Hospital made his mark in the physiological and bacteriological departments and generally by his powers of organization. He was popular alike with his colleagues and with students, interested in sports and amusements, himself a good tennis player and skater. He combined a fair controversialist in a staunch friend and a strong partisan. At the time of his death he was Hon Secretary of the Epidemiological Society and of the Metropolitan Counties Branch of the British Medical Association. He had suffered in South Africa from dysentery complicated by thrombosis. After the winter's work, including the preparation of his Croonian Lectures, he had an attack of influenza. After partial recovery he again fell into ill health, and was removed for a change of air to Tunbridge Wells. There miliary fever was diagnosed, and he died on June 20th, 1902. He married in April, 1893, Nellie Florence, daughter of William Freeland Card, of Greenwich Hospital School; she died after giving birth to a daughter, who survived her father. Good portraits accompany his obituary in the *British Medical Journal* (1902, i, 1627; 85). A portrait is also included in Wale's *List of Books by Guy's Men* (1913, 65). Eulogies were pronounced by many, including one by Alfred Willett, President of the Royal Medico-Chirurgical Society (*Trans Med-Chir Soc*, 1903, lxxxvi, p. cxvii), and by Dr E W Goodall (*Trans Epidemiol Soc*, 1901-2, xxi, 151). Publication: *A Manual of Infectious Diseases* (with E W Gooneys), 8vo, London, 1896; 2nd ed, 1908.
Resource Identifier RCS: E003434
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Bloom, Harris Julian Gaster (1923 - 1988)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2015-04-24
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E007000-E007999/E007100-E007199
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/379315379315
Occupation Pathologist Radiotherapist
Details Julian Bloom was born in Sheffield on 30 June 1923 and moved to London at the age of seven where he was educated at the Fleet School, Kilburn, and the Regent Street Polytechnic. In 1942 he entered Middlesex Hospital Medical School and in 1946 was student house surgeon to Lord Webb-Johnson, Sir Eric Riches and Sir Brian Windeyer. He qualified in 1947 and after serving as house physician to Dr G E Beaumont was appointed assistant pathologist to the Bland-Sutton Institute. At this stage he started research on the natural history of breast cancer, its pathology and prognosis which led to a joint paper with W W Richardson in the *British journal of cancer* relating the grade of malignancy to prognosis in a study of 1,409 patients. He passed the London MD in 1949, and took the MRCP in the following year. He joined the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1950 serving as a specialist in pathology at the military hospital in Oxford, attaining the rank of Major. His research work continued with a joint study on the early diagnosis of spinal tumours. After demobilisation he became senior registrar at the Meyerstein Institute of Radiotherapy, working under Sir Brian Windeyer. He passed the DMRT in 1954 and the FRCR in 1956. He joined the department of radiotherapy at the Royal Marsden Hospital in 1958 at a time when high energy linear accelerators were becoming available and in the days when the treatment of malignant tumours by chemotherapy was being introduced. In addition to his appointment at the Royal Marsden Hospital he was consultant radiotherapist to St Peter's, St Paul's and St Philip's Hospitals and to the Institute of Urology, to St Mary Abbot's Hospital and to Queen Mary's Hospital for Children, Carshalton. In addition he was visiting Professor to the Institute of Cancer Research, London and honorary consultant in radiotherapy to the neurosurgical department of St George's Hospital. He was also adviser to the developing cancer services in Israel. His chief interest was the application of radiotherapy and high-dosage chemotherapy to the treatment of intracranial tumours and with the support of neurosurgeons from the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Atkinson Morley's Hospital and the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street he established a specialised neuro-oncology unit for both children and adults at the Royal Marsden Hospital with specialists in endocrinology, medicine, psychology and rehabilitation. In 1972 he was elected Chairman of the Brain Tumour Study Group of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology. His capacity for clinical work was prodigious and he applied painstaking attention to detail. He spared no effort for his patients and out-patient clinics and ward rounds sometimes continued until midnight. Above all he displayed humanity and kindness to his patients and had a warm understanding of their problems. Many honours were accorded to him including election to the honorary fellowship of the American College of Radiology, the American Academy of Paediatrics and the Belgian Radiotherapy Society. In 1985 he was elected to the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons. He retired from his health service appointments in 1987 but continued his professional life as co-chairman of the Cromwell Centre for Radiotherapy and Oncology. He continued to work there until two weeks before his death on 21 December 1988, tragically from the disease which his life's work had been devoted to treating. To commemorate his 30 years on the staff in 1988 the principal lecture theatre in the Royal Marsden Hospital was named the "Julian Bloom Lecture Theatre" and an international conference was held in honour of his career. He married Barbara Snowman on 1 March 1955 and there were two daughters and one son of the marriage. One daughter has qualified in medicine and is a general practitioner, another daughter is working as a paramedic in the United States and his son is a medical student at Middlesex Hospital.
Resource Identifier RCS: E007132
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Hayden, Arthur Falconer (1877 - 1940)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2013-07-03 2022-11-03
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E004000-E004999/E004100-E004199
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/376361376361
Occupation Anaesthetist General surgeon Pathologist Military surgeon Bacteriologist
Details Born 24 August 1877 at Frogmoor House, High Wycombe, Bucks, in the house where his grandfather, William Hayden, LSA 1837, MRCS 1856, and his father, William Gallimore Hayden, MRCS 1863, had successively practised medicine. His mother was Elizabeth Matilda, daughter of William Falconer, who founded the Union Castle line to South Africa, and he was the fourth child of the marriage. Educated at the Grammar School, High Wycombe, when George Peachell was headmaster, he entered St Mary's Hospital, London, with the entrance scholarship and acted as a prosector at the Royal College of Surgeons. He served as house surgeon and assistant anaesthetist at St Mary's Hospital and as pathologist at the County Asylum, Winwick, Lancashire. He was gazetted lieutenant in the Indian Medical Service on 1 September 1905, and during his course in the Army Medical School won the Montefiore medal for military surgery and the Martin gold medal. Proceeding to India he was promoted captain on 1 September 1908, but was placed on temporary half pay on 23 January 1910 after an attack of poliomyelitis, which obliged him ever afterwards to use a mechanical chair for locomotion. He retired on 23 January 1912. Returning to England he undertook work at St Mary's Hospital as pathologist to the venereal disease department and as an assistant in the inoculation department. He married Ruth Lacey on 14 April 1912; she survived him with two sons and a daughter. He died on 8 March 1940 at 4 Graham Road, Hendon, NW4. Publications:- An inquiry into the influence of the constituents of a bacterial emulsion on the opsonic index. *Proc Roy Soc Lond*. 1911, B, 84, 320. Relative value of human and guinea pig complement in the Wassermann reaction. *Brit J exper Path*. 1922, 3, 151. **See below for an expanded version of the original obituary which was printed in volume 2 of Plarr’s Lives of the Fellows. Please contact the library if you would like more information lives@rcseng.ac.uk** Arthur Falconer Hayden was a surgeon in the Indian Medical Service who, after contracting polio, later joined the inoculation department at St Mary’s Hospital, London, where he worked under the influential immunologist Sir Almroth Wright. Hayden was born on 24 August 1877 at Frogmoor House in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. Both his father, William Gallimore Hayden, and paternal grandfather, William Henry Hayden, were doctors. William Gallimore Hayden trained at Charing Cross Hospital, qualified in 1863, and became the medical officer at the Little Marlow District and Workhouse Wycombe Union. William Henry Hayden was a medical officer for the 12th District Wycombe Union. Hayden’s mother was Elizabeth Matilda Hayden née Falconer. Hayden was educated locally in High Wycombe and then studied medicine at St Mary’s Hospital Medical School with an entrance scholarship. He was a prosector at the Royal College of Surgeons of England. He qualified with the conjoint examination in 1900, and subsequently gained a MB degree with honours in materia medica and forensic medicine, and a BS in 1904. He was an assistant demonstrator of anatomy, chemistry and pathology and a prosector in anatomy at St Mary’s, and went on to become a house surgeon at Newport and Monmouthshire Hospital and an assistant medical officer and pathologist at the County Asylum, Winwick. He was subsequently an assistant anaesthetist and house surgeon back at St Mary’s. He joined the Indian Medical Service on 1 September 1905 as a lieutenant. During his studies at the Army Medical School he won the Montefiore medal and prize for military surgery and the Martin gold medal for tropical medicine. He gained his FRCS in 1906 and became a specialist in advanced operative surgery. On 1 September 1908 he was promoted to captain. His military career came to end when he caught poliomyelitis. He was placed on half pay on 23 January 1910 and retired from the Indian Medical Service two years later. He returned to St Mary’s, where he was recommended for a job in the inoculation department by his friend Alexander Fleming. In 1917 Hayden became a pathologist in the newly opened venereal diseases department at St Mary’s, taking over from Fleming who had returned to military service. Hayden wrote ‘An inquiry into the influence of the constituents of a bacterial emulsion on the opsonic index’ *Proc Roy Soc Lond* 1911 B 84 320 and ‘Relative value of human and guinea pig complement in the Wassermann reaction’ *Brit J Exper Path* 1922 3 151. In 1939 he wrote ‘Acute conjunctivitis caused by a gram-negative diplococcus resembling the gonococcus’ *Brit J Vener Dis* 1939 Jan; 15(1):45-54 with his son. Hayden died on 8 March 1940 in Hendon, Middlesex. He was 62. He was survived by his widow Ruth Campbell Hayden née Lacey, originally from New Jersey, whom he had married in 1912, and their sons Arthur Falconer and Roger Keith, who both qualified as doctors. Hayden and his wife also had a son, William John, who died in 1916 aged just one month. Sarah Gillam
Resource Identifier RCS: E004178
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Watkins-Pitchford, Wilfred (1868 - 1952)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-06-16
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E005000-E005999/E005400-E005499
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/377667377667
Occupation Bacteriologist Pathologist
Details Born at Tattenhall, Cheshire on 4 June 1868 the fourth son of the Rev J Watkins-Pitchford, Vicar of St Jude's, Southwark, and his wife Louisa Read of Westbury, Wilts, he was educated at St Olave's Grammar School, Southwark and St Thomas's Hospital, where he served as house surgeon. By the time he took the Fellowship in 1897 he had already become interested in public health, and was being employed as an expert bacteriologist by the Natal Government to report on European bacteriological laboratories. His elder brother Lieutenant-Colonel Herbert Watkins-Pitchford was chief veterinary officer in Natal and subsequently government bacteriologist there. In 1898 he was special plague officer for the Government of Bombay to report on disinfectants. He served as a civil surgeon in Natal and the Transvaal with No 7 General Hospital during the Boer war. Coming back to England, he took the Oxford Diploma in Public Health 1901 and the London MD in State Medicine 1902, and acted as consultant to the LCC and to Holborn Borough during a smallpox epidemic. He returned to Natal as assistant government bacteriologist in 1903, was appointed public analyst in 1907, and in 1911 transferred to Johannesburg on his appointment as government pathologist and bacteriologist for the Transvaal, public analyst to the Municipality, and pathologist to the General Hospital. During the Zulu rebellion of 1906 he was adjutant to the Natal Medical Corps. The South African Institute for Medical Research was founded at Johannesburg in 1912, with Watkins-Pitchford as its first Director. He held the post till 1926, and established the Institute on the right lines and with the highest standards; he was also editor of the publications of the Institute. During the war of 1914-18 he was acting editor of the *Medical Journal of South Africa*. He established the Miners Phthisis Medical Bureau in 1916 with Dr Louis Irvine, and was its chairman till 1926; this was the first of its kind in the world. He served on the Council of Public Health of the Union of South Africa and on its Leprosy Advisory Commit-tee, and was chairman of the South African Chamber of Mines Medical Committee on Tuberculosis. At the University of the Witwatersrand he was a member of the executive committee and honorary Professor of bacteriology and pathology. He was active in the British Medical Association in South Africa, as secretary of the Pietermaritzburg division 1906 and chairman 1910, secretary of the Natal branch 1908 and President 1911, and President of the Witwatersrand branch 1917. After his return to England he served on the Central Council of the Association 1928-38 and on its Dominions committee, and was elected a Vice-President in 1923. Watkins-Pitchford retired in 1926 at the age of 58 owing to ill-health. He settled at Littlebrug, Bridgnorth, Salop, where with improving health he became a magistrate, a member of the council of the Shropshire Archaeological Society, and chairman of the Bridgnorth Playing-fields Association. He married in 1905 Olive Mary, third daughter of the Rev T B Nicholl, rector of Llanegwad, Carmarthenshire, who survived him with a son John Watkins-Pitchford MD and a daughter. He died in the Queen Victoria Nursing Institution, Wolverhampton on 29 September 1952 aged 84. He had made an outstanding contribution to scientific medicine in South Africa. He concealed a character of noble generosity and friendly helpfulness to sincere workers behind a facade of unsmiling reserve. Publications: A case of rapidly fatal diabetes mellitus in a boy aged ten. *Brit med J*. 1892, 1, 1136. An alcohol bath for burns. *Lancet* 1899, 1, 335. The treatment of dysentery. *Brit med J*. 1900, 2, 1370. Abscess of the lung; operation; recovery. *Brit med J*. 1901, 1, 842. Intussusception in convalescence from typhoid fever, death, necropsy. *Brit med J*. 1902, 2, 703. On Indian snake-stone, with H Watkins-Pitchford. *Brit med J*. 1904, 1, 438. The relations of meteorological conditions to the prevalence of enteric fever in Natal *Transvaal med J*. 1907, 2, 7. An unusual case of oesophageal obstruction. *Transvaal med J*. 1908, 3, 252. Light, pigmentation, and new growth; an essay on the genesis of cancer. *Transvaal med J*. 1909, 4, 239. The industrial diseases of South Africa. *Med J S Afr*. 1914, 9, 196 and 222. On the nature of the doubly refracting particles seen in microscopic sections of silicotic lungs, and an improved method for disclosing siliceous particles in such sections, with J Moir. *Pub S Afr Inst med Res*. 1916, 7. The prevalence of cancer amongst the native races of Natal and Zululand during the four years 1906-1909, with a note on the nature of cancer. *Med J S Afr*. 1925, 25, 257. The silicosis of the South African gold mines and the changes produced in it by legislative and administrative efforts. *J industr Hyg*. 1927, 9, 109.
Resource Identifier RCS: E005484
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Rogers, Sir Leonard (1868 - 1962)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-05-06
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E005000-E005999/E005300-E005399
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/377503377503
Occupation Pathologist Tropical medicine specialist
Details Born on 18 January 1868 in Cornwall the son of Captain Henry Rogers RN, he was educated at Plymouth College and St Mary's Hospital where he passed the final examination for the Fellowship at the age of 24 while holding the post of resident obstetric officer. He then entered the Indian Medical Service being gazetted Lieutenant on 29 July 1893, his subsequent promotions being to Captain in 1896, to Major in 1905, Lieutenant-Colonel in 1913 and he retired in that rank in 1921. He was, however, immediately appointed to the Medical Board of the India Office on which he served for twelve years being its President in 1928-33 and being promoted Major-General on 3 November 1928. As he himself said he joined the IMS "solely in the hope of finding better opportunities for research when there were few openings in Great Britain", and again "I fear I made little use of the Fellowship except as having been the first to diagnose and operate on biliary abscesses of the liver in 1903 in Calcutta". A dedicated research worker he did, however, in the course of his regimental duties in various parts of India, demonstrate his abilities as an all-round clinician and public health administrator before devoting himself exclusively to research work. As Professor of Pathology in the Medical College in Calcutta he took the initiative in founding and endowing the School of Tropical Medicine which stands in Calcutta as a permanent memorial to his name. Although his work on cholera, amoebic dysentery and kala-azar saved many, he was proudest at having galvanised interest in leprosy by founding the British Empire Leprosy Relief Association in 1923, he himself having for many years been interested and having devised many improvements in the methods of using chaulmoogra oil in its treatment. In the late nineties he commenced research on snake venom and, in the course of hazardous experiments into its nature, improved the methods of production of antivenene. In 1904, by a brilliant piece of work carried out at the research station at Maktesar near Naini Tal in the Himalayan foothills, he predicted the development of Leishman Donovan bodies outside the blood of man, although he had been forestalled by those two workers in the actual discovery of the parasite of kala-azar in 1903. He next turned his attention to cholera and he proved that the mortality could be substantially reduced by intravenous hypertonic saline and oral potassium permanganate, travelling to Palermo in 1911 to test out his methods in a great epidemic raging in that city. In 1912 he discovered the curative action of emetine in amoebic dysentery and in 1915 made another advance by discovering the use of intravenous tartar emetic in the treatment of kala-azar. On his return to England he was appointed a physician to the Hospital for Tropical Disease and lecturer to the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Numerous honours and distinctions were awarded him and he had already in 1916 been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1924 he was Croonian lecturer at the College of Physicians and his distinctions included the Moxon Gold Medal of that College, the Fothergill Gold Medal of the Medical Society of London, the Presidency of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene from 1933 to 1935, the Laveran Medal in 1956 and honorary membership of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. A prolific writer he published numerous papers and textbooks including one on *Tropical Medicine* in conjunction with Major-General Sir John Megaw, a friend and contemporary, a book on *Dysentery and Bowel Disease in the Tropics* and one on *Leprosy* in conjunction with E Muir. He retained his interest in tropical disease into advanced old age and contributed articles from his home in Cornwall, bombarding younger colleagues with technical advice on medical and financial matters. In 1926 he had entrusted the Medical Research Council with an endowment for research in tropical medicine and in 1945 he raised this to fifteen thousand pounds. A staunch upholder of the Research Defence Society, he was prepared to mount a soap box in Hyde Park in answer to the anti-vivisectionists. In 1950 he published his fascinating and modest memoirs *Happy Toil* (Frederick Muller 1950), which was at first refused by the publishers on the grounds that it was quite impossible for one man to have done so much. In 1953 he received the congratulations of the President and Council on having completed sixty years as a Fellow, and in 1958 at the age of 90 The Lancet published his paper on "The Forecasting and Control of Cholera epidemics in SE Asia and China". A forceful, energetic, striking personality, he exerted a memorable influence on his students by whom he was held in great affection. He was, moreover, of a most upright, kindly disposition, ever helpful to his friends. He married in 1914 in his late forties Una Elsie, daughter of C N McIntyre North who died in 1951 and by whom he had three sons, Dr Gordon Leonard Rogers, Professor Claude Ambrose Rogers FRS, Professor of Mathematics in London University, and Dr Stephen Clifford Rogers. He died in Truro Hospital on 16 September 1962 aged 94, the senior Fellow of both Royal Colleges.
Resource Identifier RCS: E005320
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Drew, Sir William Robert Macfarlane (1907 - 1991)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2015-09-07 2016-02-02
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E007000-E007999/E007900-E007999
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/380086380086
Occupation Military doctor Pathologist Physician Tropical medicine specialist
Details William Robert Macfarlane Drew was born in Sydney on 4 October 1907, the son of William Hughes Drew and Ethel Macfarlane. He was educated at Sydney Grammar School and Sydney University, graduating with honours in 1930. After house posts in Sydney Hospital he joined the RAMC and was posted to India as a pathologist, a graphic illustration of the range of the British Empire of those days. In 1935 he became the first house physician to Sir Francis Frazer at the new British Postgraduate Medical School at Hammersmith in the same intake as Professor Grey Turner and Dick Franklin, and later progressed to clinical tutor. He was recalled to the RAMC in 1939, and going to France with the British Expeditionary Force he became DADMS HQ 3 Corps. He was decorated for efficiency and bravery in the campaign and evacuation at Dunkirk. In the UK he commanded the 10 Field Ambulance and later the Hatfield Military Hospital, and in 1942 he was appointed assistant professor of tropical medicine at the Royal Army Medical College, Millbank, and Medical Officer to the war cabinet. He prepared hundreds of young medical officers for the health hazards of service overseas and extended his remit to instruct undergraduates from the twelve London medical schools in tropical medicine and the prevention of malaria. After the war he was appointed professor of medicine at Baghdad Medical College, and remained there until becoming OC Cambridge Military Hospital, Aldershot, in 1955. His subsequent career showed he was destined for higher places. In 1957 he became consulting physician MELF (Cyprus) and in 1959 consulting physician to the army. At that time National Service came to an end and Drew and the senior 'brass' in the medical service had to reorganize from a large conscripted service to a small professional one. The post-National Service full-time Medical Corps was to be compact and one of high qualifications and skills, comparable to their NHS counterpart, thereby to encourage recruitment of the most suitable doctors. To encourage this end he established a medical research unit allowing civilian and military doctors to work together. In 1960 he became Commandant of the Royal Army Medical College and in 1963 was appointed Director of Medical Services to the BAOR. He was the obvious choice for Director General of the Army Medical Services in 1965, the first Australian to take up this post. To high office he brought energy, experience, insight, organisational talent, an outgoing personality and an extraordinarily retentive memory, and all were used to the benefit of the Medical Service. On leaving the army he became deputy director of the Postgraduate Medical Federation and contributed greatly to the setting up of the Margaret Pyke Centre for Family Planning. He retired in 1976 to spend the next decade in his native Sydney. He contributed some forty publications, mainly related to tropical diseases, but with Samuel and Ball from the Hammersmith Hospital he wrote the first account of primary atypical pneumonia. Future historians will thank him for compiling the roll of Medical Officers of the British Army 1660-1960. Among many prizes he received were the Leishman Medal at the RAMC and the Mitchiner Medal at the College. He was President of the Medical Society of London in 1967, of the Clinical Section of the Royal Society of Medicine in 1968 and of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine in 1971; and Vice-President of the Royal College of Physicians in 1970. He was a Freeman of the City of London and a Liveryman of the Society of Apothecaries. In 1934 he married Dorothy Merle Daking-Smith of Bowral, New South Wales. She died in 1990. They had a daughter, Joanna, who predeceased him and a son, Dr Christopher Drew, who survived him, along with seven grandchildren, when he died on 27 July 1991.
Resource Identifier RCS: E007903
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Kanthack, Alfredo Antunes (1863 - 1898)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2012-05-31
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E002000-E002999/E002400-E002499
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/374592374592
Occupation Pathologist
Details Born at Bahia, in Brazil, on March 4th, 1863; he was the second son of Emilie Kanthack, at one time British Consul at Pará, Brazil. As a child he was somewhat weakly, and his sole recreation was swimming, but, coming with his family to England in 1881, he became an athlete and in time an excellent football player. His family had arrived in Europe as long ago as 1869, and he was at school in Germany from 1871-1881, first at Hamburg and then at gymnasiums at Wandsbeck, Lüneburg, and Güterslok. In 1881 he went for a few months to the Liverpool College. Up to his fifteenth year he seems not to have been a brilliant schoolboy, but he then began to develop mentally and, on finishing his school studies, to show the intellectual mastery of subjects which so signally characterized him during his short life. He became a student of University College, Liverpool, in 1882, and, matriculating at the University of London, passed the successive examinations with honours. He came to London and entered St Bartholomew's Hospital in 1887, and in 1889 worked under Virchow, Koch, and Krause in Berlin, adding to his reputation as an able and indefatigable student a character for accurate observation and original thought in the field of research. Virchow would not allow him to neglect his clinical work, although he devoted himself more particularly to bacteriology and pathology. He made many friends among the professors, chief of whom was Virchow, as well as among fellow-workers. Returning from Berlin in 1890, he served as Obstetric Resident under Matthews Duncan at St Bartholomew's Hospital. While holding this position he, together with Beaven Rake and Buckmaster, was appointed by the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons and the Executive Committee of the National Leprosy Fund to inquire into and report on the extent to which leprosy prevailed in India - its pathology and treatment - and to suggest measures for dealing with leprous subjects. The report was on many points of a negative character. The most important conclusions were that: (1) There were some grounds for believing that a gradual decrease in the number of lepers was taking place; (2) Direct contagion was at the most a very small factor in causing the spread of leprosy; and (3) Compulsory segregation of lepers was not advisable. A special committee appointed to consider the report refused, with some exceptions, to accept these conclusions, which were directly opposed to many of the alarmist reports current in England when the National Leprosy Fund was started. The Commissioners' conclusions, however, were endorsed by the medical members of the Executive Conunittee, and were in accordance with the views held by the Indian Government. Kanthack, on his return from India in 1891, matriculated at Cambridge as a Fellow Commoner of St John's College, and was at the same time appointed John Lucas Walker Student in Pathology. He resumed his researches and wrote on immunity, his most important paper on this subject, written in conjunction with W B Hardy, being published in the *Proceedings of the Royal Society* (1893, lii, 267): "On the Characters and Behaviour of the Wandering (Migratory) Cells of the Frog, especially in Relation to Micro-organisms." Coming at a time when the wholly phagocytic theory of Metchnikoff was beginning to be questioned, and the supporters of the humoral theory were in their turn beginning to claim more than their share, it demonstrated the impossibility of making either theory explain all the facts, and pointed out that neither theory, even if proved, would bring us any nearer the true understanding of immunity. Another paper published by him at Cambridge dealt with mycetoma, and following Vandyke Carter, proved the disease to be parasitic in nature, the parasite being closely allied to, if not identical with, actinomyces. He left Cambridge in 1892, and began to practise as a physician in Liverpool. He was appointed Medical Tutor and Registrar at the Royal Infirmary as well as Senior Demonstrator of Bacteriology, a post specially created for him, and Medical Tutor at University College, Liverpool. He suffered from a severe attack of typhoid fever in 1894, but in spite of this he won the Jacksonian Prize in 1895, his essay being entitled, "The Aetiology of Tetanus and the Value of the Serum Treatment". The MS, illustrated with photographs, etc, is in the Library and bears the motto:- "What are these So withered and so wild in their attire: That look not like the inhabitants o' the earth And yet are on't?" - Macbeth, Act I, Sc 3. A microphotograph of the bacilli is pasted immediately underneath the motto. He soon returned to St Bartholomew's as Director of the Pathological Department in the school and hospital, and here he remained till he was appointed Professor of Pathology at the University of Cambridge in 1897. At the same time he was Lecturer at St Bartholomew's on Pathology and Bacteriology, and Curator of the Museum. Clinical material, hitherto examined in the wards, now came to his department, and in the course of a year amounted to many hundreds of specimens. He read short and often very valuable papers at the meetings of the Pathological Society, which he attended regularly. He acted as Deputy to Professor Roy, of Cambridge, during the illness of the latter in 1896, travelling to and from St Bartholomew's and the University. In the spring of 1897 he went to reside in Cambridge and was given an honorary MA and elected a Fellow of King's. He succeeded Roy in the autumn as Professor of Pathology. During the autumn of 1898 the report of his research on the tsetse fly, conducted by him in conjunction with Messrs Durham and Blandford, was published while he was suffering in his last illness. This report cleared the ground for further investigation of what was then known as tsetse-fly disease, although no method of prevention or cure was yet propounded. His last work, published in conjunction with Dr Sladen, reported on tuberculous milk. Kanthack was very popular, and for solid reasons. Although his teaching attracted every class of men, it was doubtless his love of field sports that brought him in the first instance into touch with many of his most devoted pupils. His influence on younger men was remarkable, and he seemed able to get work that was creditable to both master and pupil out of the most unpromising material. He kept up a very large scientific correspondence, chiefly on pathology, and his correspondents were in all parts of the globe. He died at Cambridge of malignant disease on December 21st, 1898. A sum of money was collected after his death which was devoted to establish 'The Kanthack Memorial Library' in the Pathological Institute of St Bartholomew's Hospital. He married in 1895 Lucie, daughter of F Henstock, of Liverpool, who survived him. Kanthack was fortunate in the opportunity of his life. He began his career as a pioneer in bacteriology and was permitted to take a wide outlook over a new science. His social qualities attracted many pupils, and enabled him to found a school in London and to carry on in Cambridge the work begun by Roy. He was both interesting and informative as a lecturer; with a soft and lisping speech, he had the artistic power to illustrate his words with excellent sketches on the blackboard. In his teaching he was somewhat dogmatic, but never so much as to prevent his pupils from thinking for themselves; indeed, his dogmatism appears to have had for its object the awakening of a desire for discussion in those to whom he was addressing himself. He soon marked any flaw in experiment or argument, and was always ready to set his pupils to work on subjects which required further elucidation, or the gathering of facts and information on the problems which he was himself investigating. Modest and unassuming in manner, his knowledge often routed the more aggressive type of student with repartee which though delivered quietly and good-humouredly was none the less deadly. He was thoroughly versed in contemporary pathological literature and was well read in general literature outside his profession. With a fine memory, he was rarely at a loss for an apt quotation or illustration. There is a good portrait from a photograph in the *St Bartholomew's Hospital Journal* (1899, vi, 51). Publications:- A bibliography compiled by Charles R Hewitt is to be found in the *St Bart's Hosp Jour*, 1899, vi, 51.
Resource Identifier RCS: E002409
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Pannett, Charles Aubrey (1884 - 1969)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-09-24
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E006000-E006999/E006000-E006099
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/378186378186
Occupation Anaesthetist General surgeon Pathologist
Details Charles Aubrey Pannett, born in Shepherd's Bush, London, on 21 September 1884, was the only son of Charles Yeatman Pannett, an ironmonger, and Louisa (née Sealey). An elder son had died in infancy. There were three daughters in the family. The family was poor, so from his youth Pannett had accustomed himself to hard work, allowing little time for social activities. He went to the Westminster City School under Mr Goffin. About the age of fourteen, against his father's wish, he decided to become a doctor. With this in mind, after matriculating, he took the Intermediate Examination for BSc, in botany, zoology, chemistry and physics, which gained him entrance to St Mary's Hospital where, in his first year, he obtained a scholarship. Those were vintage years at St Mary's: in 1902 Alexander Fleming, E H Kettle, C W Vining and Pannett were all successful in gaining scholarships. Throughout their medical course Pannett and Fleming were close rivals, sharing between them all the medical school prizes and the distinctions at London University examinations. Pannett qualified in the autumn of 1906. In 1907 he obtained his MD, with a gold medal, and his FRCS in 1910. Surgery was his aim. "But if I were to be a surgeon," he wrote, "I wanted to enter this life from an angle not then usually considered. In those days the road to surgery was through the anatomy department. A man would spend years as a demonstrator of anatomy while waiting for a surgical appointment. As a student I was deeply struck by seeing operations performed which so obviously must be a severe strain on the normal adaptability of the body. Surgery, I perceived, in many cases profoundly disturbed the physiology of the man. It was clear to me that it was upon this which attention needed focusing if progress was to be made. So I determined to know more of the processes of disease and their effects upon normal physiology." He decided to graduate in pathology, and obtained a post as junior assistant with a salary of £100 a year in the department of pathology under Almroth Wright. The influence of Wright was great and beneficial in shaping Pannett's outlook on life. But the work was arduous and, coming so soon after years of hard study and evening coaching, it told on a constitution which had never been robust. He developed tuberculosis and was obliged to spend the next four years, first in a sanatorium, then as house surgeon in a mental hospital at Westbury-on-Trym near Bristol. Here the work was light, so he was able to read for his MD in pathology, which he took with a gold medal. In 1911 he became house surgeon at Plymouth, where he met his first wife, who was nursing there. That same year he had a chance of getting on the staff of St Mary's, but lost the job to Zachary Cope. Deciding to wait until he was accepted he became resident anaesthetist. At this time he was also assistant surgeon at the Royal Free Hospital. At length, in 1914, he became registrar at St Mary's and, with a more assured future, married Nora Kathleen Moon from Dublin. His first war service was as surgeon on the luxury yacht *Liberty*, converted by Lord Tredegar into a naval hospital. In 1915 Pannett wrote an article on the role of the hospital ship. In 1916 he volunteered to go to Mesopotamia and was given the rank of Major. There he contracted typhoid and was invalided to Secunderabad where he did some surgery. After the war Pannett returned to St Mary's and to private practice, living first in Maida Vale and then in St John's Wood. In 1922 he became assistant director to Clayton Green. When Clayton Green gave up to do more private practice, the newly formed Surgical Unit at St Mary's Hospital needed a full-time Professor of Surgery and Pannett was elected to the post, which he held for twenty-eight years. On this appointment he resigned his post at the Royal Free. "At that time," wrote Sir Zachary Cope in 1950, "there was considerable discussion and criticism as to the wisdom of appointing such professors in London medical schools and in some cases the criticism was justified, but the most exacting critic was silenced when one pointed to the way in which Pannett filled the chair. Gradually he became an institution at St Mary's and round him a strong surgical department was built up which provided a source of inspiration and stimulation alike to students and staff." "Pannett was best known for his consummate skill in doing partial gastrectomies," wrote Dickson Wright, "with removal of the ulcerated portion of the duodenum, and in 1929 he astonished the surgical world by announcing a sequence of a hundred of these operations without a death at a time when surgeons as a whole were losing twenty patients in every hundred operations." Unlike some professors Pannett always did his own lectures. He also spent much time in the post mortem room watching his friend Professor Newcomb, the pathologist, at his work. After a hurried lunch they would adjourn to the PM room and have friendly arguments. Pannett always asserted that cancer was due to a virus to which Newcomb disagreed. Each would be on the lookout for evidence to support his theory to the discredit of the other, to the huge delight and education of the crowds of students who attended these informal and unrehearsed debates. Pannett had a bench in the Wright-Fleming laboratory and was continually working on some problem concerning cancer. Later Arthur Compton worked with him in the physiology laboratory. Pannett was Hunterian Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1922 and 1929. During the late 1930s and early 1940s he acquired a reputation for being the most dreaded of examiners amongst Final FRCS candidates. During the second world war Lord Moran, as Sector Officer, sent Pannett down to Basingstoke to make surgical arrangements at Park Prewett Mental Hospital which was converted into an Emergency Medical Service Hospital. Later in the war he worked at St Mary's, sleeping in a small room in the Wright-Fleming Institute. During an air raid in March, 1944, Miss Diana Stanley, living in Radnor Place, was wounded while on fire-watching duty, and was taken into St Mary's and to Pannett's theatre. Ten years later, after his first wife had died, Pannett married Miss Stanley. In 1950 Pannett retired from St Mary's and surgery. Although he had many interests outside medicine - painting, carving and clock-making - his heart and mind was still very much on his work, not as a surgeon, but as a research scientist. And so it seemed a stroke of good fortune when, in the early 1950s, he met Mr Frederick Pearson, the American millionaire and philanthropist, who lived at Liphook and was a patient of Pannett's brother-in-law, Dr Corry. Immediately these two men were drawn together in the common interest of the cancer problem and, until his death in 1958, Pearson helped to finance Pannett's work at St Mary's, giving him an X-ray apparatus. But changes in the Wright-Fleming Institute in the late 1950s made it impossible for Pannett to stay on there, and in 1962, thanks to Sir Arthur Porritt, his former assistant and colleague at St Mary's, who was then President of the Royal College of Surgeons, facilities were given him in the Biochemistry Department to continue his research work. Thus, with the help and friendliness of Professor Cyril Long and many others there, began a new and exceedingly happy chapter in Pannett's long career, marred only by his inability to get consistent results in his research experiments. At this time Pannett also found time and energy to sit in committees of the Regional Hospital Board in Winchester. Illness overtook Pannett in 1964. With a highly-strung, sensitive nature, he had always had a tendency to abdominal complaints and much back-ache in his youth. He developed a duodenal ulcer, admitting wryly that all doctors eventually get the disease they are best known for curing. But he did not allow either pain or fatigue to stand in his way and carried on with his work. Early in July 1969 he suffered a heart attack at the College, but told no one about this, continuing to go up to London until two days before he died, on 29 July at his home, after two coronary attacks, the second releasing him from a long, full, arduous, and very worthwhile life. As already noted he was twice married, first in 1914 to Nora Kathleen, daughter of John Moon of Dublin, who died in 1952; and in 1954 he married Diana Margaret Stanley, who survived him. There were no children of either marriage.
Resource Identifier RCS: E006003
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Mackie, Frederic Percival (1875 - 1944)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2013-09-30
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E004000-E004999/E004400-E004499
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/376607376607
Occupation Military surgeon Pathologist
Details Born at Bristol 19 February 1875, the ninth child and sixth son of the Rev John Mackie, Rector of Fylton, Glos, and Annis Bennett his second wife. John Mackie was twice married; there were five sons and two daughters of the first marriage, and one daughter and three sons of the second. He was educated at Dean Close School, Cheltenham, at Bristol Medical School, and at St Bartholomew's Hospital. After winning a surgical scholarship and the gold medal in medicine at Netley, where he worked under Sir Almroth Wright, he passed first into the Indian Medical Service, being gazetted lieutenant on 1 September 1902. During his first year in the east Mackie served as medical officer to the famous mission undertaken by Sir Francis Younghusband, KCSI, into Tibet. He was promoted captain on 1 September 1905, and appointed assistant director of the Plague Research Laboratory at Parel, Bombay. Plague had appeared in Bombay in 1896 and spread east and north, and the Plague Research Laboratory had newly been established, when Mackie joined its staff, under the Bacteriological (later Medical Research) Department of the Government of India. The British Plague Commission under (Sir) Charles James Martin, CMG, arrived in India in 1905 and made its headquarters at Parel. Here Mackie began the good work on plague to which he returned some twenty years later, but his first original discovery was of the part played by the body-louse in transmitting the spirillum of relapsing fever (1907). This discovery led to C J H Nicolle's (1866-1936) incrimination of the louse in typhus (1910). From September 1908 to November 1909 by request of the Government of India he was attached to the Royal Society's third Sleeping Sickness Commission under Sir David Bruce, FRS (1855-1931), in Uganda, and contributed largely to its reports, working on the development and transmission of the trypanosomes in collaboration with Bruce, Lady Bruce, and Albert Ernest Hamerton, CMG DSO, of the RAMC. The Government of India had feared the possibility of the trypanosome being conveyed to India in the blood of infected Indians and spread by Indian flies, or even that the tsetse fly itself might be imported. While in Uganda Mackie was able to enjoy his love of sport. Returning to India he served in 1910-11 as special government research officer on kala-azar in Assam. The causal organism, the Leishman-Donovan parasite, had been discovered in 1903 (*Brit med J* 1903, 1, 1252; 2, -79) but its mode of transmission was unknown; Mackie identified the sandfly as responsible, a finding authenticated fourteen years later by the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine's team and the Government of India's special kala-azar commission. During the war of 1914-18 he served in Baluchistan, Persia, Mesopotamia, and France, having been promoted major, IMS, on 1 March 1914. He speedily and efficiently established a central bacteriological laboratory in Mesopotamia in 1916, after the breakdown of the original medical organization there. The strain of cholera vibrio which Mackie isolated from a colleague was maintained as type of the organism endemic there. He was created OBE for his services on 3 June 1918, and was twice mentioned in despatches (*London Gazette*, 27 August 1918, 21 February 1919). In 1919 he was elected an FRCP. In 1920 Mackie was appointed professor of pathology at Calcutta University, but was transferred in 1921 to be director of the Pasteur Institute at Shillong in Assam. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel on 1 March 1922. In 1923 he returned as director to the Haffkine Institute for Medical Research in Bombay, where his own best work had been begun. He held the appointment until 1932, when he retired from the IMS. His chief researches were on schistosomiasis and sprue, in collaboration with N Hamilton Fairley, CBE FRS, and others. In 1928-32 he was officiating public health commissioner with the Government of India; and in 1928-31 served as chairman of the League of Nations expert committee on plague. He represented the Government of India at the Office internationale d'Hygiene publique in Paris in 1919, 1922, 1926 and 1930. In 1925 he was president of the medical and veterinary section of the Indian Science Congress and in 1932 president of the tropical diseases section at the BMA centenary meeting in London. He was an Honorary Surgeon to King George V. He served as Surgeon General in the Government of Bombay in 1929, and was placed on the select list for promotion in the IMS on 3 April in that year. In 1931 he was once more acting director of the Pasteur Institute at Shillong. He was created CSI on 3 June 1932, when he retired. On his return to England Mackie became a lecturer at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and served as pathologist (1933-37) at the Tropical Diseases Hospital, London; he lived at Felden, Herts. He was then appointed chief medical officer of the British Overseas Airways Corporation, and made many arduous journeys by air to tropical colonies in Africa and Asia, supervising the sanitary requirements of the chain of aerodromes which was being established. He was particularly interested in the prevention of yellow fever on African aerodromes, and the fumigation of aircraft against bloodsucking and disease-carrying insects. He delighted to view from the air the great herds of game in central Africa, such as he had seen only from the ground twenty years earlier in Uganda. Mackie lived during this period in his native Bristol at 3 Golding Avenue, and later at Pack Horse Farm, Mark, near Highbridge, Somerset. During the height of the air-raids on Bristol in 1940-41 he was an active warden and first-aid rescue worker in the streets; his wife also served as a warden. Mackie married twice: (1) in 1913 Gladys May, daughter of W J Ball; their only child, Laurence Percival, was in 1944 a medical student serving as lieutenant, RNVR; and (2) in 1926 Mary Elizabeth H Elwes, a widow, daughter of W Haddon Owen of Louth, Lincs, who survived him with two sons. He died in a nursing home at Clifton on 15 July 1944. Mackie was one of the most distinguished medical scientists who have served in India, and after retirement from the Indian Medical Service his abilities were in demand at home. His work on plague, relapsing fever, sleeping sickness, kala-azar, enteric dysentery, cholera, schistosomiasis, hydrophobia, and sprue was original and of first rate quality; but his administrative gifts and their contribution to tropical hygiene were of almost higher value. He was a good speaker in debate and council, and a man of gaiety and wit, who enjoyed life to the full, while a most busy and productive worker. Mackie was a corresponding member of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and of the Société de Pathologie exotique at Paris. There is a photograph of him in the College collection, presented by Mrs Mackie, in white coat at his microscope. Select bibliography:- The part played by *Pediculus corporis* in the transmission of relapsing fever. *Brit med J* 1907, 2, 1706. The development of *Trypanosoma gambiense* in *Glossina palpates*. *Proc Roy Soc B* 1909, 81, 405. Sleeping sickness in Uganda: duration of the infectivity of the *Glossina palpates* after the removal of the lake-shore population. *Proc Roy Soc B* 1910, 82, 56. The development of trypanosomes in Tsetse flies. *Ibid* p 368. Experiments to ascertain if cattle may act as a reservoir of the virus of sleeping sickness (*Trypanosoma gambiense*). *Ibid* p 480. Experiments to ascertain if *Trypanosoma gambiense* during its development within *Glossina palpates* is infective. *Proc Roy Soc B* 1911, 83, 345. The progress of kala-azar in a localised community. *Ind J med Res* 1914, 2, 505. The experimental transmission of Indian kala-azar to animals. *Ind J med Res* 1915, 2, 934. Disease in Mesopotamia. *Bristol med-chir J* 1919, 36, 118. Laboratory records from Mesopotamia, with G Trasler: 1. Enteric group. *Ind med Gaz* 1921, 56, 411; 2. Dysentery. *Ibid* March 1922, 57, 85; 3. Cholera.*Ibid* April 1922, 57, 121. The problem of kala-azar. *Ind med Gaz* 1922, 57, 326. Commentary on the foregoing (plague) papers on the production of immunity against plague by vaccine. *Ind J med Res* 1924, 12, 331. The insect menace (Presidential address to.Indian science congress). *Ind med Gaz* 1925, 60, 172. The present position of the plague problem. *Far East Assoc Trop Med Congress 7* Calcutta 1927, *Trans* 2, 2. Progress report on the sprue inquiry, with N H Fairley and others. *Ibid* 1927, 2, 248. Yeasts and sprue, with G D Chitre. *Ind J med Res* 1928, 11, 749. Animal experiments and sprue, with the same. *Ibid* 1928, 16, 49. The association of bowel diseases with Vitamin C deficiency, with G D Chitre. *Ibid* 1928, 16, 77. The morbid anatomy of sprue, with N H Fairley. *Ibid* 1928, 16, 799. Bacteriology of sprue, with S N Gore and J H Wadia. *Ibid* 1928, 16, 95. The blood in sprue, with N H Fairley and H S Billimoria. *Ibid* 1928, 16, 831. The clinical aspect of sprue, with N H Fairley. *Ibid* 1929, 16, 831. Studies in Schistosoma spindale, parts 1-6, with N H Fairley. *Ind med Res Mem* No 17, September 1930. The serum therapy of plague, with B P B Naidu. *Lancet* 1931, 2, 893. Presidential address, tropical diseases section, British Medical Association, centenary meeting, London, 1932. *Brit med J* 1932, 2, 325. The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in trypanosomiasis, with a note on the morular cells of Mott. *Trans Roy Soc trop Med* 1935, 28, 377. The destruction of mosquitoes in aircraft, with H S Crabtree. *Lancet* 1938, 2, 447.
Resource Identifier RCS: E004424
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Florey, Sir Howard Walter, Lord Florey of Adelaide and Marston (1898 - 1968)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2014-07-25
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E005000-E005999/E005700-E005799
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/377914377914
Occupation Pathologist
Details Howard Walter Florey was born on 24 September 1898 at Adelaide. He was educated at St Peter's Collegiate School and at Adelaide University where he graduated in medicine in 1921. He then came to Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar and worked under Sherrington, obtaining a First in the Honour School of Physiology and the BSc degree. In 1924 he spent a year in Cambridge, and then visited America as a Rockefeller Travelling Fellow. Between 1926 and 1935 he held a number of research appointments in pathology at Cambridge, at the London Hospital, and Sheffield, ultimately becoming Professor of Pathology at Oxford and a Fellow of Lincoln College in 1935. It was there that he commenced, in collaboration, with E B Chain, the systematic study of naturally occurring antibacterial substances, and although by 1940 he had recognized the remarkable potential of penicillin which had been described some years earlier by Fleming, he was still doubtful if it could be produced in sufficient quantity to be used extensively clinically. However, once its chemical formula was known it became possible to manufacture it, though war-time conditions prevented this being undertaken in Britain. Florey therefore went to the United States to elicit the help of chemical manufacturers there, and it thus came about that by "D-day" enough penicillin was available to treat all the battle casualties. In 1926 Florey married Mary Ethel Reed whom he had met as a fellow medical student in Adelaide, and she helped in his research by carrying out the first clinical trials of penicillin, and later became a specialist in chemotherapy. Many honours were bestowed on Howard Florey, for in 1941 he was elected FRS, he was knighted in 1944, with Chain and Fleming he shared the Nobel Prize in 1945, and in 1965 he was awarded the Order of Merit and appointed a Life Peer. In 1961 he was admitted to the Honorary Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons in the course of the Annual General Meeting which was held that year in Sheffield, the city where Florey had worked some 25 years earlier. He was President of the Royal Society from 1960 to 1965, and in 1962 he retired from the Chair of Pathology to become Provost of Queen's College, Oxford, where he died suddenly on 21 February 1968. Lady Florey died in 1966; they had had a son and a daughter. In 1967 he married the Hon Dr Margaret Jennings and she survived him.
Resource Identifier RCS: E005731
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Simon, Sir John (1816 - 1904)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2006-03-01 2012-03-09
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E000000-E000999/E000200-E000299
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/372391372391
Occupation Chief Medical Officer General surgeon Pathologist
Details Born in London on Oct. 10th, 1816, the sixth of the fourteen children of Louis Michael Simon (1782-1879) by his second wife, Mathilde Nonnet (1787-1882). His father, who had been a shipbroker and served on the Committee of the Stock Exchange from 1837-1868, was the son of an Englishman who had married a French wife, whilst his mother was the daughter of a Frenchman who had married an English wife. John Simon was christened at St. Olave's, Hart Street, E.C. - Pepys' church - and began his education at Pentonville, after which he was for seven and a half years at Greenwich under the Rev. Dr. Charles Parr Burney, son of Dr. Charles Burney and grandson of Johnson's friend, where he had John Birkett (q.v.) as a schoolfellow. He then lived with Leonard Molly, a pastor, for a year at Hohensolms, near Wetzler, in Rhenish Prussia, and acquired a good knowledge of German. He was apprenticed, on his return to England in the autumn of 1833, to Joseph Henry Green (q.v.) for the usual fee of 500 guineas. Green was Surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital and Professor of Surgery at the newly founded King's College, and his pupil attended both institutions. In 1838, a year before the end of his apprenticeship, Green allowed Simon to obtain the M.R.C.S. that he might be appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy at King's College, having Francis Thomas MacDougall (q.v.) as his colleague, and in 1840 he was elected the senior of two Assistant Surgeons appointed on the opening of the Hospital founded in connection with King's College. The junior Assistant Surgeon was William Bowman (q.v.), with whom Simon formed an intimate friendship and from whom he learnt to work on scientific lines. The outcome was a paper read before the Royal Medico-Chirurgical Society on June 8th, 1847, on "Subacute Inflammation of the Kidney" (*Trans. Roy. Med-Chir. Soc.*, 1847, xxx, 141) which is illustrated with a plate showing the microscopic appearances described. In 1844 Simon gained the Astley Cooper Prize with a "Physiological Essay on the Thymus Gland" (4to, London, 1845), and contributed to the Royal Society "The Comparative Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland" (*Phil. Trans.*, 1844, cxxxiv, 295). He was elected F.R.S. on Jan. 9th, 1845, and was afterwards a Vice-President. Simon was invited in 1847 to accept the newly created Lectureship on Anatomical Pathology at St. Thomas's Hospital with charge of beds, and he thereupon resigned his demonstratorship of King's College, but retained the Assistant Surgeoncy. Green resigned his office of Surgeon, and on July 20th, 1853, Le Gros Clark (q.v.) and John Simon were elected "to do out-patients". Simon then severed all connection with King's College, and on July 6th, 1863, became full Surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital in succession to G.W. Macmurdo (q.v.). He resigned his lectureship in 1871 and the office of Surgeon in 1876. As a surgeon Simon was not brilliant, for he was neither rapid nor graceful, but every operation he performed was carefully planned and prepared for. He was in the habit of going frequently to the dead-house and there performing every kind of operation, endeavouring to make improvements on old methods and to learn the exact landmarks and lines of section to be made in novel or unusual operations, particularly where bones were concerned. He repeated Syme's amputation in this manner many times before he performed it on the living patient, and he was the first surgeon in this country to undertake Pirogoff's method of removing the foot. He was particularly apt in the diagnosis of abscesses within bones, which he located with great accuracy. He was equally good in the treatment of difficult strictures of the urethra, and in passing a catheter he almost seemed to confer intelligence on the instrument. He was the first to open the membranous part of the urethra by the same route as was afterwards followed by Edward Cock (q.v.). Simon devised and practised the operation before Cock published his results and substantiated his claim to priority in the *St. Thomas's Hospital Reports* (1879, x, 139). A proof of the paper with Simon's corrections is in the Library of the Royal College of Surgeons. As a pupil of Joseph Henry Green he was an expert lithotomist, using a pointed and extremely stout knife, and a grooved staff. Simon was a great power in the Medical School at St. Thomas's, and it was in some measure due to his incisive and satirical pen that St. Thomas's Hospital was not converted into a country convalescent hospital at the time it was compelled to move from its old site at the foot of London Bridge. Without respect of persons he was active in removing abuses, in introducing reforms, and in extending the area and efficiency of instruction. In particular he was especially active in securing suitable accommodation for the treatment of diseases of the eye when Richard Liebreich (1829-1916) was appointed Ophthalmic Surgeon. At the Royal College of Surgeons Simon was a Member of the Council from 1868-1880, a Vice-President in 1876 and 1877, and President in 1878. Throughout his life Simon was interested in pathology. He was an original member of the Pathological Society in 1846, contributed several papers to its *Transactions*, and was elected President in 1867. The best exposition of his aims and methods in pathological teaching is to be found in his Inaugural Address delivered at St. Thomas's Hospital in 1847, which was afterwards published in his *General Pathology as Conducive to the Establishment of Rational Principles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease,* 1850. Simon said of the latter work that as a result of its publication he woke up to find himself famous - not as a surgeon, but as a sanitary reformer. The judgement proved true; few now think of Simon as a surgeon, all know him as the maker of modern sanitary science in England. Simon was one of the illustrious figures in Victorian medicine. When he began his labours in the field of public health it was not thought to be the duty of the State to seek out and prevent the causes of disease and death in its citizens. There was no administrative authority in the country, central or local, that had any medical officer or medical adviser for sanitary purposes: the development of a science and practice of preventive medicine was quite unknown. In 1848 Simon was appointed the first Medical Officer of Health of the City of London. He was the first and for many years the only Medical Officer of Health in London. He was the head of the Medical Department of the Government from the years of its creation in 1855 to his retirement in 1876, and must be considered the founder and in some directions its creator. Simon's record of ability and industry was marvellous, whilst his imaginative faculty was of a very high quality. Cultivated as a linguist, as a student of Oriental literature, and as the friend of artists, poets, and philosophers, he was able to think grandly, to project his mind into the future, to discern the real meaning of social evils as well as their probable developments, and so to devise schemes of prevention and amelioration which could never have occurred to move plodding, if equally industrious, minds. One can scarcely estimate the importance to civilization and humanity of Simon's work. It may be briefly stated that he drained the city and rendered it healthy, abolished the pernicious system of central cesspools under houses, intramural slaughter-houses, and other malodorous trade establishments, and conducted an active crusade against smoke, intramural graveyards, Thames pollution, impure water, and overcrowded dwellings. To enumerate the full details of Sir John Simon's official career would be to write a history of hygienic reform. For many years after the close of his official life in 1876 as Chief Medical Officer to the Privy Council and afterwards to the Local Government Board, Simon occupied himself with public work and was a Crown Representative on the General Medical Council. In the latter part of his life he gradually and completely lost his sight. He married on July 22nd, 1848, Jane O'Meara, daughter of Matthew Delaval O'Meara, who had been Commissary-General in the Peninsular War. They had no children and she died on Aug. 19th, 1901. Lady Simon was a close friend of Ruskin, who used to call her "dear P.R.S." (Pre-Raphaelite sister and Sibyl). Simon died at his house, 40 Kensington Square, where he lived since 1867, on July 23rd, 1904, and was buried at Lewisham Cemetery, Ladywell. A bust by his friend Thomas Woolner, R.A., was presented to the College by the subscribers to the Simon Testimonial Frund on Dec. 14th, 1876. It is a remarkable presentation of a remarkable head. A photograph in late middle life faces pages 187 in MacCormac's *Address of Welcome*. An excellent likeness in extreme old age is appended to the obituary notice in the *Lancet* (1904, ii, 308) and is reproduced in the *St. Thomas's Hospital Reports* (1905, xxxiii, facing page 393). Sir John Simon was remarkable for the extent of his knowledge. The influence of Joseph Henry Green, to whom he had been articled, coupled perhaps with his early education in Germany, gave a philosophical basis to his thoughts and actions through life. In 1865 he edited the *Spiritual Philosophy* of his old master. He was widely read in the classics and in English literature and became an excellent writer of English prose. In youth he pursued a course of reading in metaphysics and in Oriental languages, and his general culture allowed him to value and to appreciate the friendship of such literary and artistic friends as Thackeray, Tennyson, Rossetti, Alfred Elmore, R.A., Sir George Bowyer, George Henry Lewis, William Morris, Edward Burne-Jones, Tom Taylor, Ruskin, Sir Arthur Helps, Thomas Woolner, R.A., and Robert Lowe, afterwards Lord Sherbrooke. He was mainly responsible with J. A. Kingdon (q.v.) for the establishment by the Grocer's Company of scholarships for the promotion of sanitary science. Considering his eminence Sir John Simon received little public recognition during his lifetime. He was decorated C.B., the ordinary reward of a faithful public servant, on his retirement in 1876, but it was not till Queen Victoria's Jubilee that he was promoted K.C.B. The Harben Medal of the Royal Institute of Public Health was awarded him in 1896, and the Buchanan Medal of the Royal Society in November, 1897. Publications: Simon's chief reports and writings on sanitary objects were issued collectively by subscription by the Sanitary Institution of Great Britain in two volumes in 1875. *English Sanitary Institutions Reviewed in their Course of Development and in Some of their Political and Social Relations,* 8vo, London, 1890. A charmingly written and fair-minded account of the development of public health in England from the earliest times. It appears now to be somewhat difficult to obtain. *Personal Recollections of Sir John Simon, K.C.B.* This was privately printed in 1898. It consists of 34 pages printed by Wiltons Ltd., 21 & 22 Garlick Hill, E.C., and is dated Oct. 4th, 1894. It was revised on Dec. 2nd, 1903, "in blindness and infirmity". The Library of the Royal College of Surgeons possesses a copy enriched by the author's corrections. Bibliography in the *Catalogues of the Surgeon General's Library,* series i and ii.
Resource Identifier RCS: E000204
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Hutchinson, Sir Jonathan (1828 - 1913)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2006-05-04 2012-03-22
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E000000-E000999/E000200-E000299
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/372399372399
Occupation Dermatologist Ophthalmologist Pathologist Venereologist
Details Born on July 23rd, 1828, the second son of Jonathan Hutchinson and Elizabeth Massey, both members of the Society of Friends, at Selby, Yorkshire. Hutchinson continued throughout life to exhibit some of the external characteristics of a Quaker. After an education at Selby, he was early apprenticed to Caleb Williams (q.v.), Lecturer on Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the York School of Medicine, and he attended the York Hospital. At this very small York School of Medicine he received individual instruction from Dr. Thomas Laycock - later Professor of Medicine in Edinburgh - which made a life-long impression, on the importance of heredity, and of physiognomy in diagnosis. He passed on to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, where Sir James Page's influence was dominant; he studied under him, including the subject of syphilis, and qualified M.R.C.S. in 1850. He then pursued the post-graduate study of which he became afterwards such a strong advocate. He acted as Assistant Physician at the City of London Hospital for Diseases of the Chest; Surgeon to the Metropolitan Free Hospital; Surgeon to the Royal Ophthalmic Hospital, Moorfields (1862-1878), where he had Edward Nettleship (q.v.) as Assistant; Surgeon to the Blackfriars Hospital for Diseases of the Skin; and Assistant Surgeon to the Lock Hospital for a while from 1862. He continued Surgeon to the Moorfields and Blackfriars Hospitals for many years. He was appointed Assistant Surgeon to the London Hospital in 1860; and after passing the F.R.C.S. examination in 1862 became Surgeon until 1883, then Consulting Surgeon. From 1862 he lectured on the principles and practice of surgery, from 1863 on medical ophthalmology, and in that year gained the Guy's Hospital Astley Cooper Prize for his essay "On Injuries of the Head". After 1883 he gave an annual course of lectures as Emeritus Professor of Surgery. A Triennial Prize for an essay was instituted to commemorate his services and teaching. He was an active member of various London medical societies and served as the President of five of the most important. At the meeting called to wind up the old Sydenham Society he proposed a continuation as the New Sydenham Society, of which he was Secretary from 1859-1907. The translations from the chief writings of Continental authorities constitute an extraordinarily well-selected collection. The publications especially due to him in the New Sydenham Society were the *Atlas of Skin Diseases* and *The Atlas of Drug Eruptions.* At the Royal College of Surgeons he was Hunterian Professor of Surgery and Pathology, 1879-1883; Member of Council, 1879-1895; Member of the Court of Examiners, 1880-1887; Bradshaw Lecturer, 1888; President, 1889 (returning to the previous custom of holding office for one year, broken by the four years' tenure of his predecessor, W. S. Savory); Hunterian Orator, 1891; Trustee of the Hunterian Collection, 1897. He sat on the Royal Commission on Small-pox and Fever Hospitals, 1881, and that on Vaccination, 1890-1896; his demonstration of vaccino-syphilis as a possible consequent of arm-to-arm vaccination put a stop to that method of vaccinating. As Hunterian Professor he gave six lectures on "Neuropathogenesis, chiefly with reference to Diseases of the Eye, Skin, Joints, etc.", four lectures "On Some of the Surgical Aspects of Gout and Rheumatism", and two lectures "On the Etiology of True Leprosy". His Bradshaw Lecture dealt with "Museums in reference to Medical Education and the Advance of Knowledge". Jonathan Hutchinson, as a clinical diagnostician by naked-eye observations, was one of the great medical geniuses of his time, and there is no one superior in the history of medicine, whether in the diagnosis of cases in surgery, ophthalmology, dermatology, or syphilology. This was conjoined with a peculiar strain of philosophy. He was a colleague of another extraordinary genius in neurology and philosophy - Hughlings Jackson - and the interest of the two met over the ophthalmic side of neurology, and the general use of the ophthalmoscope as an instrument of diagnosis. His remarkable talent was exhibited in the discovery of syndromes; his audience supposed he was exhibiting a rare case, but after listening to him they discovered that they were able to recognize such cases, and his syndromes have now become commonplaces in the text-books. Examples are his 'triad' in inherited syphilis - deformity and notching of the teeth, labyrinthine deafness, and interstitial keratitis; defects in children's teeth, associated with infantile convulsion and lamellar cataract; the peculiar physiognomy in ophthalmoplegia and tabes dorsalis; the inequality of the pupils in cerebral compression; gout and haemorrhages; tobacco amblyopia; and idiosyncrasies of many kinds. He had, too, a remarkable fund of illustration and simple comparison - the 'apple-jelly' appearance of some forms of lupus; the imitative characteristics of the superficial appearances of syphilis. He had a slow and precise delivery, with eyes turned to the ground. An endless series of cases were stored in his memory, recalled by the initial of the patient's name and the outstanding feature presented. His broad-minded philosophy made him hold, as to his rare cases, that they afforded clues to the pathology of the class, links between some one already recognized group and another. His crowded audiences listened intently as he passed, by some ingenious connection, from one subject to another - a custom defended by him on the plea that, for the attention of his audience, a 'mixed diet' was needed. At the hospital one lecture had as title, "On Fairy Rings and Allied Phenomena". From fairy rings in fields, he passed on to ringworms and herpes, phenomena he held to be allied. One lecture at Haslemere commenced with the earth's crust, passed to elephants, and ended on John Wesley; another, on whales, tailed off to Wordsworth's poetry, and then to social questions relating to tuberculosis and leprosy. No one of his colleagues equalled him in a 'spotting diagnosis', for he was nearly always right, very exceptionally wrong. A young surgeon who had married and was beginning surgery broke out into a rash all over, which rapidly became nodular. Several who saw him murmured, "Syphilis, however acquired", until 'Jonathan' at once said, "General sarcomatosis", and this was confirmed in a few weeks. In another case, however, he diagnosed syphilis, in spite of the patient's protests that he had not undergone exposure, and in a couple of days small-pox was evident. His genius in diagnosis and his philosophy were remarkably combined in all he wrote and said on syphilis. At the discussions on the pathology of syphilis at the London Pathological Society in 1876 (*Pathol. Soc. Trans.*, 1876, xxvii, 341) he held that the condition was due to a specific and living microbe, contagious and transmissible only so long as the microbe retained its vitality. "Someone will see it one day, for it is beyond doubt that it must be there" (p. 446). With this should be compared Moxon's sarcasms whilst avoiding question of causation (pp. 403-410), the gibe by Gull - "Well, I think syphilis is a flesh and blood disease" (p. 415). He taught the treatment of early syphilis by long persistence in the administration of metallic mercury by the mouth, very finely divided as 'grey powder', the course being interrupted at increasing intervals, for two to three years, but always short of salivation. He made but little use of arsenic, for he was impressed by it as a cause of cancer. In 1855 he began to observe cases of leprosy from the East End in the London Hospital, and thus called attention to a number of instances wandering about and mixing with the general populace in many cities of the world. He took up the view that in Norway and elsewhere lepers persisted owing to the custom of eating stale fish. Until he stirred up inquiry the subject leprosy was in a state of stagnation. After the discovery of the bacillus he made further observations in South Africa and India, in which he grafted to his first theory the transference of the bacillus by contact and contamination of food - but it continued until the end of his life a non-proven thesis. In 1868 he suggested that a museum illustrating the progress of medicine and surgery during the past year should be instituted at the Annual Meetings of the British Medical Association; this came into force. His houses at Nos. 14 and 4 in Finsbury Circus and in Cavendish Square, one after the other, became filled by a vast collection of specimens, coloured drawings, and charts used by him for his clinical lectures and demonstrations, until he collected them in the clinical museum attached to his son's house, 1 Park Crescent, Regent's Park. For years he was making provision for post-graduate instruction, and in 1899 he instituted a Medical Graduates' College and Policlinic at 22 Chenies Street, of which he was at once the life, the soul and the financier. He made exhibitions for short periods of illustrations he had collected on various subjects, and, through his persuasion, lectures and demonstrations were given by a great number of members of staff of hospitals, and by special practitioners. The history of Hutchinson's Policlinic will form an important chapter when systematic post-graduate instruction becomes definitely established in London; it came to an end after his death and the outbreak of the War. All that is of special and permanent value has been collected and preserved in the Museum of the College of Surgeons, including MSS., such as his research on the arthritic diathesis. The abundance of his collections was so great that duplicates of illustrative material were dispersed and in part taken over to the United States. There was yet another remarkable endeavour. At his country house at Haslemere, Surrey, he set up an educational museum and library, a miniature of the Natural History Museum in London, and a library providing an outline of history, for the benefit of the population of the locality. The museum displayed rocks, fossils, plants, flowers, preserved as well as freshly gathered, birds' eggs, an aviary and vivarium exhibiting natural objects of the neighbourhood, including the common viper. The library contained charts of figures tabulating events from antiquity to the present day. King Edward VII knew of him as the surgeon who had a hospital for animals on his farm. Lectures and addresses were given - including Sunday afternoon addresses - on the potato, tuberculosis, poetry, the inner life, and new birth. This 'home university' published a monthly journal, which includes features of a school book, encyclopaedia, and a journal of science and literature. After his death the executors handed it over, pruned of its diffuseness, to Haslemere. Hutchinson also started a somewhat similar museum at his birthplace, Selby, but that did not excite so much local interest. The object of the museum was to establish evolution as a motive for right living in place of personal immortality as usually taught. Throughout his life he jealously retained his membership of the Society of Friends, although he accepted 'evolution' as a renaissance of religion. Hutchinson was a good walker, fond of shooting and riding; he swam in a cold-water pool in his grounds until nearly the end of his life. He died at his house, The Library, Inval, Haslemere, on June 23rd, 1913, and was buried at Haslemere. By his orders there was inscribed on his gravestone, "A Man of Hope and Forward Looking Mind". Portraits accompany his obituary notices, and there are several in the College Collection. He figures in the Jamyn Brookes portrait group of the Council, 1884. His wife died in 1886; their family included six sons and four daughters. One son, Jonathan, F.R.C.S., followed his father as Surgeon to the London Hospital; another, Proctor, a laryngologist, died early ; Roger Jackson was in practice at Haselemere; and H. Hutchinson became an architect. PUBLICATIONS: - Hutchinson's publications were very numerous; the chief works are: - *The Archives of Surgery*, 10 vols., 1889-1900. His archives include what Hutchinson deemed of importance from among his previous publications, together with notes and additions. "Syphilis, the Discussion at the London Pathological Society, 1876." - *Trans. Path. Soc.*, 1876, xxvii, 341. *Notes about Syphilis*, 1887; new. ed., 1909. The introduction to the *System of Syphilis*, by D'Arcy Power and J. Keogh Murphy, in 6 vols., 1908, pp. xvii-xxxv. Hutchinson Collection in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. Illustrations, notes and MSS.
Resource Identifier RCS: E000212
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Shattock, Samuel George (1852 - 1924)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2013-01-17
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E003000-E003999/E003300-E003399
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/375569375569
Occupation Pathologist
Details The second child and second son of Mr Betty, a pharmaceutical chemist, of Park Street, Camden Town, NW, was born on Nov 3rd, 1852, and was educated at Prior Park College, Bath. He entered University College School in 1867, matriculated at the University of London in June, 1869, and entered University College as a medical student on Oct 1st of the same year. Here he won the Liston Gold Medal in 1875, and in the following year, under the supervision of Marcus Beck (qv), he began a descriptive catalogue of the preparations of surgical pathology in the Museum of University College. He was admitted a Fellow of the College in December, 1881, and then changed his name from Samuel George Betty, which he had previously borne, to Samuel George Shattock, under which he gained a world-wide reputation. He gave as a reason for the change that the Shattock side of his family was likely to become extinct. As he intended to devote himself entirely to pathology he never registered as a medical practitioner. He was elected Curator of the Anatomical and Pathological Museum at University College in succession to Professor Cossar Ewart, and in 1884 became Curator of the Museum at St. Thomas's Hospital, a post he held, with the addition of Lecturer on Pathology in the Medical School, and latterly of Professor of Pathology in the University of London, until he died in 1924. Here he began to teach surgical pathology by a system of typical museum specimens, and his classes proved so advantageous that they were officially recognized in 1886. From 1889-1894 he was closely engaged upon a new catalogue of the pathological museum of St Thomas's Hospital, and in 1895 he gave a short course of practical demonstrations on bacteriology, a new science in which he had already shown himself a pioneer. At the Royal College of Surgeons of England he made a series of microscopic specimens of the human hair in 1878 to illustrate the anthropological lectures given by Sir William Flower, and he began to outline a series of human bones with the attachments of the muscles which was afterwards incorporated in the anatomical collection of the College. He delivered the Morton Lecture on Cancer in 1893, arguing for and against the infective nature of the disease with a slight bias in favour of its infectivity - a position he maintained until his death. In 1897 he was appointed Pathological Curator in succession to J H Targett (qv), undertaking to devote four hours daily to the post. The actual hours not being specified, he interpreted the clause liberally and often worked until far into the night. With his appointment at the College he began the preparation of a series of cultures of pathogenic bacteria, and side by side he placed specimens of the results of their action. In addition to regular work in the preparation and classification of the many new specimens to the Museum, he was usually called upon to offer a final opinion upon morbid growths sent from all parts of the Empire. He also undertook to edit the third edition of the pathological catalogue. The second edition had been produced by Sir James Paget (qv), Sir James F Goodhart, and Alban Doran (qv). Shattock began the third edition in 1909 and finished it in 1916, associating with himself Mr Cecil Beadles, and allotting to Alban Doran the gynaecological section. The work was laborious, for Shattock was never contented with the mere registration of entries in the previous catalogue. He took nothing for granted, but when there was the least reason for doubt the specimen was further dissected, submitted to microscopic examination, carefully described and remounted. The final section, dealing with foreign bodies and gunshot wounds, was scarcely finished when the European War provided countless specimens which taxed his strength to the uttermost, though it resulted in the magnificent collection of war injuries which forms so prominent a feature of the Museum. From the very first Shattock's idea was to make a special feature of 'General Pathology', to bring together as complete a collec¬tion as possible to illustrate the main principles of pathology so far as they could be exemplified by museum specimens. He began the work in conjunction with C F Beadles, FRCS, in 1910, by selecting, arranging, and cataloguing the specimens, and finished it in 1923. The Collection filled the floor space of Room III, forming a complete and systematic treatise on pathology, written not in words but in illustrative specimens, and is a worthy monument to his industry and genius. He was Hunterian Professor of Surgery and Pathology from 1909-1911, when he took as his subject, "Certain Matters connected with Internal Secretion and with Fat". Shattock rendered splendid service to the Pathological Society of London. Elected a Member in 1880, he served on the Morbid Growths Committee from 1884-1900 - a Committee most carefully chosen from the best pathologists of the day for the purpose of determining the nature and origin of morbid growths sent from all parts of the world. The findings were usually looked upon as final. He was a Member of the Council from 1885-1887 and 1893-1896; Surgical Secretary, 1890-1892 and 1902-1907; Vice-President, 1896-1898. From 1900-1907 he was editor of the *Proceedings*, and introduced the wise custom - not continued - of summarizing some of the more important contributions in Latin. He prepared an excellent index of volumes xxxviii-l (1887-1899) of the *Proceedings*, which was published in 1901, and when the Society became the Pathological Section of the Royal Society of Medicine in 1907 Shattock was elected the first President. When the *Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology* was founded under the editorship of German Sims Woodhead, Shattock served as assistant in the special department of Morbid Anatomy and Histology from 1896-1906 (vols. iii-xi). At the British Medical Association he was President of the Section of Pathology in 1910, and in the same year he was made a Fellow of University College. In 1913 he was elected President of the Section of General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy at the International Congress of Medicine held in London, and in his Address laid stress upon the necessity of accurate knowledge derived from experiment. He was a Member of the Nomenclature Committee of the Royal College of Physicians in 1902 and 1913, and was mainly responsible for the Latin equivalents in 1902, agreeing reluctantly to their omission in the edition of 1913. He was elected to the rare distinction of an Hon Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine in 1916 and became FRS in 1917. He also acted as Secretary of the Board of Advanced Medical Studies at the University of London. Shattock married on February 18th, 1882, Emily Lucy Wood, who survived him with three sons and one daughter. His eldest son, Clement Edward Shattock, FRCS, became Surgeon to the Royal Free Hospital. He died of arteriosclerosis, after some months of failing health and impaired sight, at his house, 4 Crescent Road, The Downs, Wimbledon, on May 11th, 1924, and was buried at Wimbledon Cemetery. Shattock was an outstanding figure amongst pathologists of his generation. His mind was so inventive and receptive that he could take a leading part in the advance of the wholly new science of bacteriology, and was at the same time so conservative that he looked with veneration akin to worship upon the work of Morgagni and Bonetus, and of surgical pathologists like Astley Cooper, Edward Stanley, William Lawrence, Sir James Paget, and Sir William Savory. Like his great exemplar, John Hunter, whom he resembled in many points, he was insistent that morbid anatomy should be advanced by experiment, and held that there was a general pathology, including the morbid anatomy of plants and of animals, of which bacteriology and human morbid anatomy were only a part, for it needed a sound clinical knowledge of disease and a working acquaintance with chemistry and physics. Essentially humble-minded, he loved to talk out with his friends any difficult problem which confronted him in his day's work, and came to no conclusion until he had considered it in every aspect and given due weight to all he had gathered in his discussions. His memory was so good, his experience was so vast, his accuracy and common sense were so great, that his statements on morbid anatomy were accepted without reserve as correct. He was always ready to help and advise his fellow-workers, and he enjoyed the confidence, the esteem, and the friendship of a world-wide circle in the medical profession. Apart from his scientific knowledge, Shattock was a hero-worshipper and had some of the traits of a mystic in his character. He loved abstract speculation, was a fervent Roman Catholic, and made Thomas à Kempis his guide through life, at his death leaving behind him a manuscript of the *Most Christian Doctor* ready for the press. He was a competent musician; his fine memory enabled him to give the name and date of every winner of the Derby and made him an expert on cricket scores. A shy man, Shattock was yet a most engaging lecturer. He seldom looked at his audience, he prefaced his sentences with short dry coughs, he soliloquized, he sometimes broke the bottles and glass cases of the specimens by the violence with which he emphasized his points, but he held his audience spellbound by the entrancing manner in which he unfolded the story he had to tell. As a man he was seen at his best in the upper workrooms of the College of Surgeons, where he would sit for long periods lost in thought, looking forwards and upwards, with chin raised, much as Joshua Reynolds pictured John Hunter. A little above middle height, his complexion was pale, his eyes bright but not piercing, his hair long, and with side whiskers but no moustache. He continued to use the dress of a professional man of his younger days - a frock-coat, a top hat, gloves - and he always carried a small black handbag. Publications: It is to be regretted that with his unique experience Shattock wrote no standard work on pathology. His bibliography has yet to be compiled. He contributed largely to the scientific transactions, especially to those of the Pathological Society; often, as has been pointed out, in association with others. His publications include:- *A Descriptive Catalogue of the Specimens illustrating Pathology in the Museum of University College, London* (with MARCUS BECK), parts i, 8vo, London, 1881-7. *A Descriptive Catalogue of the Pathological Collection in the Museum of St Thomas's Hospital*, 2nd ed, 4 parts, 8vo, London, 1890-4. "On the Reparative Processes which occur in Vegetable Tissues," 8vo, illustrated, London, 1881; reprinted from *Linnean Soc Jour* (Botany), 1881-2, ns xix, 1. "Pathology and Etiology of Congenital Club-foot" (with ROBERT W PARKER), 2 plates; reprinted from *Trans Pathol Soc Lond*, 1884, xxxv, 423. "A Note on the Histology of Sterile Incubated Cancerous and Healthy Tissues" (with Sir CHARLES A BALLANCE), 8vo, 2 plates, London, 1888; reprinted from *Trans Pathol Soc Lond*, 1888, xxxix, 409. "Note on an Experimental Investigation into the Pathology of Cancer" (with Sir CHARLES A BALLANCE); reprinted from *Proc Roy Soc*, 1890, xlviii, 392. "Cultivation Experiments with New Growths and Normal Tissues, together with Remarks on the Parasitic Theory of Cancer" (with Sir CHARLES A BALLANCE), 8vo, plate, London, 1887; reprinted from *Trans Pathol Soc Lond*, 1887, xxxviii, 412. *An Atlas of the Bacteria Pathogenic in Man, with Descriptions of their Morphology and Modes of Microscopic Examination*, with an Introductory Chapter on Bacteriology, etc, by W WAYNE BABCOCK, 8vo, 16 plates, New York, 1899. "On the Microscopic Structure of Urinary Calculi of Oxalate of Lime" (with WILLIAM MILLER ORD), 8vo, 5 plates, London, 1895; reprinted from *Trans Pathol Soc Lond*, 1894-5, xlvi, 91, etc. Article on "General Pathology of New Growths" in Allbutt's *System of Medicine*, 1st ed, 1896. For many years he indexed British publications for the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature, and discharged this heavy duty almost to the end of his life. Accounts of some of his more important researches and Museum specimens will be found in the *Lancet* and *Brit Med Jour* biographies.
Resource Identifier RCS: E003386
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Gant, Frederick James (1825 - 1905)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2012-02-01
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E001000-E001999/E001900-E001999
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/374120374120
Occupation General surgeon Pathologist
Details Born in Acton Place, Kingsland Road, NE, in December, 1825, and, as he has set on record in his *Autobiography*, "two months before I was due." His father was Lieut-Colonel John Castle Gant, of the King's Own 2nd Light Infantry. Young Gant, an only child, was puny and weakly, and as a little boy was sent to Eastbourne, where there were as yet only two houses, and then to Hastings, where he acquired a deep love of nature, and eventually more than average strength. He was educated at King's College School, London, was for a time assistant to a chemist in Shoreditch, and received his professional training at University College, where, in the medical department, he was entered as house pupil to Richard Quain. He took honours in several of the classes, and was then appointed Assistant Curator of the Museum of Anatomy and Pathology under Professor William Sharpey. After qualifying Gant was for a time in straightened circumstances owing to the financial failure of his father, but as his prospects brightened he took rooms at 13 Old Cavendish Street and in 1852 began to practise as a consulting surgeon. He lectured on physiology, and then on anatomy, in the Hunterian School of Medicine, Bedford Square. When this institution was closed he migrated with the students to the Royal Free Hospital, which was at first unable to obtain recognition as a teaching school from the Royal College of Surgeons, owing to the ill equipment of its museum, The students therefore, about fifty in number, were transferred to the Middlesex Hospital in 1854, and Gant remained as Surgeon at the Royal Free Hospital, having been appointed Assistant Surgeon in 1853. During the last year of the Crimean War he was a Civil Staff Surgeon to Military Hospitals and served both in the Crimea and at Scutari, returning home via Athens and Rome in May, 1856. For his services he received the Crimean Medal and Clasp. In the following year he was struck with the sights of monstrous obesity tending to suffocation at the Smithfield Club Cattle Show. He purchased at various butchers' shambles, where the prize beasts were subsequently slaughtered, their hearts, livers, etc., demonstrated that the tissues had largely undergone fatty degeneration, and showed that the prizes were given for bulk and weight of fat, and not according to the quality of the meat. For this report he received letters of thanks from the Prince Consort, the Duke of Richmond, and other leading exhibitors and breeders. Gant was actively connected with the Royal Free Hospital for some thirty-seven years, and took an important part in its development. The museum grew under his hands and he acted as the Pathologist. In 1878 the London School of Medicine for Women became associated with the Royal Free Hospital for clinical instruction, and from that date till his retirement Gant lectured to the students on clinical surgery. In 1890 he resigned his position as Senior Surgeon to the Royal Free Hospital, and among the addresses presented to him was a very cordial one from the women students, whose higher medical education he had not originally advocated. He was President of the Medical Society of London in 1881, having been Orator in 1872 and Lettsomian Lecturer on "Excisional Surgery of the Joints" in 1871. He was at one time Vice-President and Member of Council of the Royal Medico-Chirurgical Society, and was a member of the Harveian and Clinical Societies. A man of most varied interests, Gant became associated with two famous pedestrians. These were E Payson Weston, the Canadian, who in 1876 walked 500, 550, and once even 600 miles in six days; and William Gale, from Wales, who, walking a quarter of a mile in every ten minutes or quarter of an hour during successive days and nights, covered 1000, 1500, or even more miles on different occasions in 1877 and 1881. He looked after these athletes during their performances. "Whenever asked by 'ped' or 'patron' I readily gave my professional services," he says in his *Autobiography*, "or when symptoms of a breakdown might occur, about the third day in a long-distance walk, or the patient got into foot difficulties." Gale, a man of 50, smaller than Weston in stature, performed in the open air at Lillie Bridge, and Gant often accompanied him for one or two hours at night, when a lantern was carried alongside the walkers. Gale was a bookbinder and presented Gant with a bound copy of Thomas à Kempis, whose austere teaching possibly appealed to the man of endurance. At the College Gant was to the last a well-known figure in his long old-fashioned coat of some blue material, and yellow or light-coloured widely-opened waistcoat and trousers of the same hue. He wore the thick whiskers and short-cut moustache of the old Crimean officers, and his manners were of the agreeable old-world order. Gant obtained leave from Sir William Fergusson, the President in 1870, to attend the oral examinations in surgery for the Membership and Fellowship of the College. He noted the questions asked and the pathological specimens shown, and in 1874 published a *Guide to the Examinations at the Royal College of Surgeons of England*. In this *Guide* he gave the full College Museum descriptions of the specimens which students were expected to identify, with a detailed account of the questions asked during the examinations. Professor Flower, then Conservator of the Museum, wrote to the medical papers pointing out that Gant's *Guide* gave more information than was desirable. The method of examination was modified and the *Guide* is now of historical value, as it shows the scope of surgical knowledge expected of a student at the time it was published. Incidentally it did not render Gant a *persona grata* with the College authorities. No mention of this episode is made by Gant in his *Autobiography*, though his numerous works, various interests, and romantic beginnings from the day when he was beaten with a vine stick at a dancing school are entertainingly discussed in this ill-written but fascinating little book, which *longo intervallo* reminds one of *David Copperfield*. Gant possessed the poet's temperament, though he wrote no poetry. His prose is melancholy, but his book is arresting, if only because it lays bare the workings of a strangely vivid and passionate spirit - prone to take offence and to misunderstand, but evidently keenly sensitive and affectionate. He was a bitter enemy of the Council and mishandled College History to his heart's content whenever possible, especially as it touched the Fellows. He was an early supporter of the Association of Members, and a Member of its Committee. During the last decade of his life Gant was a great sufferer, and declared in his *Autobiography*, "I generate uric acid as fast as Arabian trees their medicinal gum." He underwent lithotrity when very old. His death occurred at his residence, 16 Connaught Square, W, on June 6th, 1905. He was buried in the cemetery at Richmond, Surrey, on June 10th, in the same grave as his wife (d.1899). On the tombstone he had some years before obtained leave to have inscribed these words: "To the unspeakable distress of her husband, his age and bodily affliction debar him from ever visiting her grave, at a distance of 10 miles from London." He married in 1859 Matilda, the sixth daughter of Richard Crawshay, of Ottershaw Park, Surrey. The story of his marriage is romantically told in his *Perfect Womanhood*, where his wife appears as the bride (Mabel Vernon) of a struggling young practitioner. In his *Autobiography* he describes how he first met her in the house of her uncle, George Crawshay, of the Manor House, Colney Hatch, after the latter gentleman had offered him a lift in his carriage and taken him home to dine. Crawshay, indeed, became his first patient to the tune of £300, which enabled him to start in consulting practice. He retained his affection for his childless wife, and as an old man he would visit his friends late at night to talk of her physical charms. The lettering on the tombstone was not, therefore, a mere form of words. He was an innocent, garrulous old person of no great judgement. It is more than probable that the College incident proceeded from a real desire to help the medical student to pass his examination, and was without any ulterior motive. The College possesses good portraits of Gant, including photographs in the Council and Fellows' Albums. He bequeathed £500 to the Royal Society of Medicine for the purchase of books. He also left a sum of money to the Medical Society of London, the interest to be spent in rebinding books in the Library. It is known as 'The Gant Bequest'. Publications: "What has Pathological Anatomy done for Medicine and Surgery?" - *Lancet*, 1857, ii, 239, etc., a series of ten papers; republished as *The Principles of Surgery, Clinical, Medical and Operative: an Original Analysis of Pathology systematically conducted, and a Critical Exposition of its Guidance at the Bedside and in Operations*, 8vo, London, 1864. *Evil Results of Over-feeding Cattle: a New Enquiry, illustrated by coloured engravings of the Hearts, Lungs, etc., of Diseased Prize Cattle*, 8vo, plates, London, 1858. *The Irritable Bladder, its Causes and Curative Treatment*, 8vo, London, 1859. *The Science and Practice of Surgery*, 8vo, woodcuts, London, 1871; 3rd ed., 2 vols., 1886. This was a very popular students' handbook, and was used to supplement Erichsen's *Science and Art of Surgery*; it contains perhaps the earliest account in a text-book of the then new Listerian methods. Gant's precepts in the matter of antiseptics are said to have been better than his practice - at any rate in those early years - 1871. *Modern Surgery as a Science and Art*. The Lettsomian Oration delivered before the Medical Society of London, 8vo, London, 1872. *Mock-Nurses of the Latest Fashion, A.D. 1900, Professional Experiences, in Short Stories, and the Nursing Question*, 8vo, London, 1900. *Modern Natural Theology with the Testimony of Christian Evidences*, 8vo, London, 1901. *Autobiography*, 12mo, London, 1905. A good portrait forms the frontispiece. *Guide to the Examinations at the Royal College of Surgeons of England*, 12mo, London, 1874; 6th ed., *A Guide to the Examinations by the Conjoint Board in England: and for the Diploma of Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons*, 12mo, London, 1889; 7th ed., revised by WILLMOTT H. EVANS, 1899. *Diseases of the Bladder, Prostate Gland and Urethra: including a Practical View of Urinary Diseases, Deposits and Calculi*, 8vo, illustrated, 5th ed., London, 1884. This is the 5th ed. Of the *Irritable Bladder*. *The Students' Surgery: A Multum in Parvo*, 8vo, London, 1890; American edition, 12mo, Philadelphia, 1890. "Excisions of the Joints, especially Knee, Hip and Elbow; 20 Typical Cases and Results." - *Med.-Chir. Trans.*, lvi, 213, and lxiii, 303. "Pelvic and Parietal Tumour of Abdomen - Removal by Operation - Recovery." - *Proc. Med.-Chir. Soc.*, 1884, N.S. I, 247. "Excisional Surgery of the Joints," Lettsomian Lectures, *Lancet*, 1871, I, 638, 736. "Lithotrity and Lithotomy." - *Ibid.*, 1887, I, 1220. "Infra-Trochanteric Osteotomy in Anchylosis of the Hip-joint, with Malposition of the Limb." - *Brit. Med. Jour.*, 1879, ii, 320, 606. "Buccal Operation for Extirpating the Tongue." - *Trans. Clin. Soc.*, 1884, xvii, 168. *The Lord of Humanity: or the Testimony of Human Consciousness*, 12mo, London, 1889; 2nd ed., with Supplement on the "Mystery of Suffering", London, 1891. *From our Dead Selves to Higher Things*, 12mo, London, 1893; 2nd ed., 1895; 3rd ed., 1904. *Perfect Womanhood: A Story of the Times*, 2nd ed., 8vo, London, 1896. *Its Sequel, the Latest Fruit is the Ripest*, 1897; 2nd ed., 1898.
Resource Identifier RCS: E001937
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Doran, Alban Henry Griffith (1849 - 1927)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2011-09-28
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E001000-E001999/E001400-E001499
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/373617373617
Occupation Anatomist General surgeon Pathologist
Details Born in Pembroke Square, Kensington, the only son of Dr John Doran (*Dict. Nat. Biog.*) by his marriage with Emma, daughter of Captain Gilbert, RN, and was the grandson of John Doran, of Drogheda. John Doran, Alban Doran's father, lived in the very centre of Victorian literary and artist society. He was intimate with Douglas Jerrold, with Thackeray, with Frith the painter, and a host of others. And of these great men he had many stories to tell. He was editor of the *Athenaeum* for a time and of *Notes and Queries*, and is best known for his standard book on the actors -*His Majesty's Servants*. Alban Doran received his early education at a school in Barnes. When he was 18 he entered St Bartholomew's Hospital, where he won many prizes. He served as House Surgeon to Luther Holden, as House Physician, and as Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy. He gave up teaching in a year's time, and being a skilled and delicate dissector, he became in 1873 Assistant in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons under Sir William Flower. Thus began his life-long connection with the Hunterian Museum. Soon afterwards Flower fell ill, and Doran acted as his Museum Secretary, thus establishing relations with such eminent men as Owen and Huxley, whom he always remembered with enthusiasm. It was during this period possibly that he showed Alfred Tennyson over the Museum, the poet taking the utmost interest in all he saw and thus somewhat belying the assertion of anti-vivisectionists, who rank him from the evidence of one of his poems as anti-surgical and therefore one of themselves - and this although he disclaimed any anti-vivisectionist bias. On the return to duty of Sir William Flower, Doran helped him in his work as a craniometrist. His attention was drawn to the middle ear in mammals, and he took up the subject enthusiastically, exploring the large stores of mammalian skulls in the Museum and finding a great number of auditory ossicula, which he mounted on glass. It only then came to his knowledge that Professor Hyrtl had written a monograph on the subject, based on a considerable number of specimens. At that time the College received very frequently the bodies of animals which had died in the Zoological Gardens, and these furnished him with additional materials. With the help of Mr Ockenden, for many years an assistant in the Gardens, he dissected out the auditory ossicles of an elephant. The collection of ossicula thus acquired was displayed, as they may still be seen, in wide shallow boxes. The ossicula auditus were exhibited at a meeting of the Royal Society, and a little later a monograph on the subject was published, with engravings by C Berjeau, in the *Transactions of the Linnean Society*. Doran looked back on his early period in the Museum with much fondness. His collection of ear bones is still regarded as a standard one. His Linnean Society paper was elaborate, and in the evening of his life nothing pleased him so much as a reference by a present-day authority to his early monograph. Even as he lay on what proved to be his deathbed, his interest was at once aroused when a friend mentioned to him that the accuracy of his description of the ear bones of the golden mole had been highly commended in a monograph just communicated to the Royal Society, and thereafter he relapsed into the lament that there were two important gaps in his collection of auditory ossicles in the Museum of the College he had never succeeded in filling up. Such an instance is characteristic of Doran's attitude to the world; it was knowledge, not money, that he thought of. Doran was not exclusively devoted to anatomy; he became well known as a pathologist. For some years he held the appointment of Pathological Assistant at the College of Surgeons, and for eight years he laboured with Sir James Paget and Sir James Goodhart in the compilation of a catalogue of the pathological specimens in the Museum. In 1877 he was elected an Assistant Surgeon to the Samaritan Free Hospital for Women, where he had Sir Spencer Wells, Dr Bantock, and Knowsley Thornton for colleagues, and took part in that development of gynaecology with which their names, as well as his own, will always be associated. At the Samaritan he came under the direct influence of Spencer Wells, who perhaps more than any other man can be called the originator of modern abdominal surgery. Doran became well known as an ovariotomist at the Samaritan. He was attached to the Hospital for over thirty years, and established there his claim to be a fine operator and an individual thinker. Before operating, he was said by Leslie Ward, who refers to him at some length in his memoirs, to have been the picture of nervousness, but the moment the operation began he was masterly. Owing to failing eyesight, Doran retired from private practice in 1909. After his father's death he had lived with his mother - to whom he was devoted - in Granville Place, and continued there after her decease, till he moved to a flat in Palace Mansions, West Kensington. On his retirement he returned as a volunteer officer to the Hunterian Museum, and joined with Shattock (qv) in re-arranging the obstetrical and gynaecological collections, and with Dr. John Davis Barris, he mounted a small instructive group of normal and deformed pelves. He had been elected President of the Obstetrical Society in 1899 and had held office for many years. When the Society was merged in the Royal Society of Medicine, he was active in promoting the transfer of its museum as a loan collection to the College. From 1912 onwards his energies were largely devoted to the compilation of a descriptive catalogue of the obstetrical and other instruments in the Museum, to which Sir Rickman Godlee added the appliances and instruments used by Lister. This catalogue has been of great service to those interested in the subjects above indicated. His second task was the preparation of a descriptive catalogue of the great collection of obstetrical instruments presented to the College by the old Obstetrical Society. This undertaking involved Doran in a laborious and prolonged historical inquiry into the evolution of obstetrical instruments, and nowhere is his accuracy and breadth of scholarship so apparent as in this catalogue - in reality a text-book of reference. Having finished this task, he then proceeded to prepare a new catalogue, one for which there was great need, of the great collection of surgical instruments and appliances preserved in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. His memory for fact or the written word was prodigious, and to the very last he could give a correct reference to an obscure fact or passage in a long-forgotten periodical. He was a veritable encyclopaedia of knowledge. His last visit to the College was in June, 1927, when he arrived attended by a nurse. His sight had nearly gone, but in the Instrument Room, to which he was guided, he brightened up and gave lucid and instructive accounts of such objects as W R Beaumont's (qv) palatal sewing-machine, which he was very dimly able to distinguish with his remaining eye, the other being obscured by cataract. His had been a long race with bodily affliction, and while still visiting the College about once a week, he had repeatedly exclaimed: "I hope to finish my Catalogue before I have to give up altogether." That he did finish it in time was a vast satisfaction to him, and to all who loved him seemed a triumph. Some days before his death, Doran was taken to St Bartholomew's Hospital to be operated on for glaucoma. He fainted during, or just after, the operation, and died on August 23rd, 1927, in the Ophthalmic Ward of his old hospital. He never married. The College Collections possess many portraits of this remarkable man. Doran's bibliography is truly enormous, one of the longest in our Library Catalogue. It contains some 130 separate titles, and must be left to some future bibliographer to compile. Throughout his life he was a keen Shakespearean scholar. Doran joined the salaried staff of the *British Medical Journal* as sub-editor in the early eighties and did admirable work. He was the first editor of the *Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire*, in which many biographical notices appear often from his pen. Publications: "Morphology of the Mammalian Ossicula Auditus." - *Trans. Linnean Soc.*, London, 1875-9, 2nd ser., i (Zool.), 371, with plates lviii-lxiv. *See also Jour. Linnean Soc*. (Zool.) xiii, 185; and *Proc. Roy. Soc.*, xxv, 101. *Clinical and Pathological Observations on Tumours of Ovary, Fallopian Tube, and Broad Ligament*, 1884, 8vo, London. *Handbook of Gynaecological Operations*, 8vo, London, 1887. (For an account of this important work, see the author's obituary in *Lancet*, 1927, ii, 529.) "Guide to Gynaecological Specimens, Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, England." "Medicine," Chapter 14, *Shakespeare's England*, 1916. Articles on "Diseases of Fallopian Tubes" in Allbutt and Playfair's *System of Gynaecology*, 1906, and *Encyclopaedia of Medicine*, iii. "Subtotal Hysterectomy for Fibromyoma Uteri: 40 Additional Histories." - *Proc. Roy. Soc. Med*., 1911. "Osteomalacia - the Broughton Pelvis in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons." - *Jour. Obst. and Gyncaecol*, 1912, xxi, 65. "Dusée: his Forceps and his Contemporaries," 8vo, 2 plates, London, 1912; reprinted from *Jour. Obst. and Gynaecol.*, 1912, xxii, 117. "Dusée, De Wind, and Smellie: an Addendum," 8vo, London, 1912; reprinted from *Jour. Obst. and Gynaecol.*, 1912, xxii, 203. "A Demonstration of some Eighteenth Century Obstetric Forceps," 8vo, plates, 1913; reprinted from *Proc. Roy. Soc. Med*. (Sect. History), 1913, vi, 54, 76. "Burton ('Dr Slop'): his Forceps and his Foes," 8vo, plates, London, 1913 ; reprinted from *Jour. Obst. and Gynaecol.*, 1913, xxiii, 3, 65. "The Speculum Matricis," 8vo, plates, London, 1914; reprinted from *Jour. Obst. and Gynaecol.*, 1914, xxvi, 133.
Resource Identifier RCS: E001434
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset

First Title value, for Searching Horsley, Sir Victor Alexander Haden (1857 - 1916)

2024-05-02T06:47:15Z

by Royal College of Surgeons of England
Publication Date 2012-04-25
Unknown
Asset Path Root/Lives of the Fellows/E002000-E002999/E002200-E002299
URL for Files https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/search/asset/374450374450
Occupation Neurosurgeon Pathologist Politician
Details Born at 128 Church Street, Kensington, on April 14th, 1857. His grandfather was William Horsley, musician; his father, John Callcott Horsley (1817-1903), RA, and Treasurer 1882-1897, author of *Recollections of a RA*, an opponent of the Pre-Raphaelites, of the Paris Salon, and of the nude model of his day, a persona grata to Queen Victoria - hence the name Victor. His mother was Rosamund, sister of Sir Francis Seymour Haden (qv), etcher and surgeon, second wife of Victor's father, Victor being the third child. The sister of his father, Miss Sophy Horsley, was a distinguished pianist and a friend of Mendelssohn, who dedicated to her some of his pieces. One of the grandfather's daughters married Isambard Brunel, the engineer, who by inhaling a half-sovereign became a remarkable surgical case. Horsley inherited from his father a fine figure and face, had a rather dolichocephalic head, and the hands of an artist, musician, and surgeon. He was brought up largely at his father's country house, Willesby, near Cranbrook, Kent, where he had the opportunities afforded by country life which early drew him towards natural history. He began to learn French from his governess, and then from 1866-1873 attended as a day-boy the Elizabethan school at Cranbrook. But Cranbrook made no impression on him, nor he on Cranbrook. "He ought to have gone to some great public school far from home" (*see* Paget's biography, p14). But Horsley's peculiar intellect would have rebelled against being drilled into uniformity, and he went on to University College, into the atmosphere which distinguished the University of London from Oxford and Cambridge. He learnt enough of the classics at Cranbrook to excite the strong love of archaeology he exhibited throughout life. His genius as a reformer was early exhibited in his sketch of a reformed dress for women which his sister pronounced hideous. He saw something of the local medical practice of Dr T Joyce. He matriculated in 1874 after being coached by Mr (later Sir) Philip Magnus, later MP for the University. He attended University College for the Preliminary Scientific MB course, the Professor of Physics being Sir Carey Foster, who had (Sir) Oliver Lodge acting as a Student Assistant for the Junior Physics Course. From 1875-1878 he worked at anatomy and physiology under Viner Ellis, Dancer Thane, Burdon-Sanderson, and Schafer. Burdon-Sanderson combined experimental physiology and experimental pathology in their bearings on medicine and surgery. He thus became the model which directed Horsley's future. Horsley started hospital work in October, 1878; he acted as Physician's Clerk to Charlton Bastian, who influenced him in opposite directions; he was attracted over aphasia and the sensorimotor functions of the cortex; repelled by spontaneous generation based on imperfect bacteriological methods. His first publication was with Bastian on the combination of arrested development in the right ascending parietal convolution and in the left upper limb. With F W Mott in 1882 he proved the absence of micro-organisms in healthy tissues. He was taught surgery by Marcus Beck (qv), the greatest teacher of students of his day, combining the pathology based on Pasteur with the practice of Lister. The strict adherence to Lister's methods, together with general anaesthesia and some addition of morphia, underlay the whole of Horsley's surgery and of his experiments on animals as well, although through von Bergmann (qv) and Arthur Barker (qv) in later years he made some use of sterilizing methods and of topical anaesthetics. He was Resident House Surgeon for six months under John Marshall, who in 1883 gave the Bradshaw Lecture at the College of Surgeons, "On the Operation of Nerve Stretching", at the production of which Horsley assisted, and clinched Marshall's argument by demonstrating *nervi nervorum*. Horsley's delicate nervous mechanism rejected poisons even in infinitesimal doses; he made fifty hazardous self-administrations of anaesthesia, noting the stages of disappearance and vagaries of consciousness, and of the patellar tendon reflex. He made a slashing attack on tobacco in the Students' Club when clay pipes and coarse quids were thought to be causing cancer in the mouth; cigarette-smoking had just come in and was causing amblyopia. He did not live to see women take to mild cigarettes, but found plenty of evidence that nicotine is a cardiac poison. During the six months as Assistant he was able to prepare for the MB BS and to gain the Gold Medal in Surgery in the summer of 1881. In the autumn of 1881 he went to Berlin with introductions from his aunt, Miss Sophy Horsley, as well as to Leipzig. He thus learnt German and formed his German connection. He was inspired by Cohnheim as regards his future lectures on pathology; had a long controversy with Munk over the prefrontal convolutions, and translated Koch's *Investigation of Pathogenic Micro-organisms* for the New Sydenham Society in 1886. From 1882-1884 he was Surgical Registrar, and Assistant Professor of Pathology, 1884-1887; during this period he did most of his elementary clinical teaching to residents, students, and nurses at University College Hospital. EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY - Burdon-Sanderson had been the first Superintendent of the Brown Institute, and especially through him Horsley was appointed, in succession to Roy, Superintendent for the six years 1884-1890. He was thus put into the peculiar position of head of the laboratory of a hospital for the treatment of diseased animals. In the laboratory there were already workers engaged independently in experimental pathology, both human and animal, whilst a first-class veterinary surgeon treated domestic animals, both as in-patients and out-patients, in accordance with progress already made in medicine, by the use of antiseptics and anaesthetics. It brought Horsley into the public arena over questions of health, and at the same time exposed him to malignant attacks concerning animal experiments. Experiments on animals had been properly regulated by Act of Parliament, and Horsley conformed, and saw to it that co-workers did the same, in respect to the licences and supervision under the Act. No sufficient comprehension of Horsley's achievements at the Brown Institution can be formed except after a thorough study of his Annual Reports, preserved in the University of London. In those Reports are placed on record researches made by a number of independent workers and the important results at which they arrived. One example may be given, "The Chemistry of the Blood, and other Scientific Papers by the late L C Wooldridge", edited by Horsley and Starling. Wooldridge, Assistant Physician to Guy's Hospital, died in the midst of his work, bitterly lamented by Horsley, who attributed his death to cigarette-smoking in excess. In 1879 Claude Bernard said that there was nothing known of the thyroid and suprarenal glands; Kocher and Reverdin drew attention to the cachexia strumipriva which followed upon total excision of the thyroid gland for goitre. Schiff confirmed this experimentally on dogs and rodents. Myxoedema had been described clinically by physicians in London, but it was connected with an antiquated pathology until Felix Semon drew the attention of the Clinical Society to the Swiss observations. A committee of investigation was formed, and Horsley was asked to study the matter experimentally in monkeys. His results were most striking; they opened the way to a conservative surgery, and further, after grafting had been tried, to the administration of thyroid gland preparations begun by George Murray, of Newcastle, student and then House Physician at University College Hospital from 1886-1889. Less generally recognized were Horsley's concurrent experiments on the pituitary body, some twenty in number, in dogs; he used a small trephine with a long shank for the approach through the palate. The temporal route which he adopted for human patients, he returned to in 1911 with Handelsmann, making fifty-four further experiments. Rabies was being repeatedly revived in this country by dogs imported from the Continent. Besides cats, deer in Richmond Park were affected, a mare bitten on the muzzle battered to pieces her stall at the Brown Institute, and was covered with blood before she could be got at and killed. A boy bitten behind the knee, after a latent period of two years and four months from the date of the bite, proved at the time to have been caused by a dog affected by rabies, started symptoms in the persisting scar, and there followed death from hydrophobia, completely confirmed by post-mortem examination. Horsley went over to Pasteur, taking with him the laboratory attendant who was accidentally infected with and died in Paris from the variety of hydrophobia known in the dog as 'dumb rabies'. Horsley became the authority through whom Walter Long (later Lord Long of Wraxall), to his eternal credit, was enabled to withstand the opposition which included his own fox-hunting friends. He introduced the universal muzzling order, and the quarantine at the ports, which stamped out both rabies and hydrophobia. Incidentally the order caused a marked diminution in canine distemper and chorea, and Horsley declared in his Report of 1889 that it was an absurd and cruel fallacy that a dog must have distemper. Horsley co-operated with others in his researches on the brain and spinal cord. He began the minute localization of the cortical function of the brain with Schafer, confirming Ferrier's results on monkeys; then with Beevor, who at the same time made an extraordinary collection of the cerebral tumours observed at the National Hospital. The observations were extended to an orang-utan in 1890, and subsequently by Sherrington and Grunbaum to the chimpanzee and gorilla - all serving as a guide to Horsley in his operations on the brain. F W Mott and Howard Tooth with Horsley experimented upon the spinal cord, its posterior columns and posterior roots; with Schafer, Risien Russell, and R H Clarke, Horsley experimented on the cerebellum. At Oxford, with Burdon-Sanderson and Francis Gotch, his brother-in-law, using a special apparatus, there was electrically demonstrated a current in the spinal cord descending when the cerebral cortex was excited. The current was demonstrated in the spinal cord below the upper limb segment, and above the lower limb segment, when the cortical area for the leg was stimulated. The muscular contractions in the lower limb were first persistent, then rhythmic, corresponding to clinical tonic and clonic convulsions - a demonstration included in the Croonian Lecture in 1891 with Gotch, by which Horsley reached the apogee of his genius. With Felix Semon and Risien Russell were carried through experiments connecting the cortex cerebri with the larynx, and with R H Clarke studies directed to relieve roaring in horses. With W G Spencer were made experiments on intracranial tension, on the connection of the cortex of the brain with the respiratory rhythm, and with the circulation through the carotids. This led to an elaborate research with R H Clarke, and with Kramer, of Cincinnati, on gunshot wounds of the head, and the explosive effect of the modern rifle bullet, due to its velocity. At the outbreak of the War Horsley was the one surgeon in the country who might possibly have saved some among early cases of head injuries before other surgeons had gained experience. Thirty years later there appeared disturbances of the respiratory rhythm caused by scattered lesions of the cerebrum in the course of *encephalitis lethargica*. There was one subject to which Horsley devoted an enormous amount of work in early days without success - general epilepsy - subsequent to experiments by Brown-Séquard, Franc, and Pitres. Horsley was optimistic, hoping for discovery developing out of Hughlings Jackson's focal epilepsy; he studied convulsions produced by poisons and by infective agents, by intracranial pressure, by disturbances of the cerebral circulation, by gunshot injury. Kocher was at that time equally hopeful, believing in a cortical congestion rather than in a cortical anaemia as the immediate forerunner of the fit. After 1890 all the above work was continued at University College. In 1887, from Assistant Professor, Horsley became Professor of Pathology, compiled a syllabus of lectures, following Claude Bernard and Cohnheim, to be accompanied as far as possible by practical demonstrations. He had a most brilliant assistant in Rubert Boyce, who later established the School of Tropical Medicine at Liverpool. Vaughan Harley started the teaching of pathological chemistry in the face of much opposition. Horsley held the post until 1896. He made some general statements at the Nottingham Meeting of the British Medical Association as President of the Pathological Section. He was also a leader in the Pathological Club in bringing to a standstill the London Pathological Society because of its limitation of attention to pathological anatomy. The Section of the Royal Society of Medicine was the successor. MARRIAGE AND FAMILY - The families had long been friends when in October, 1883, Horsley became engaged to Miss Eldred Bramwell, daughter of the engineer Sir Frederick Bramwell, and niece of the judge, George, Baron Bramwell, and they were married in October, 1887. She became in the fullest sense his helpmate. There were three children - two sons and a daughter. Shortly afterwards his sister Rosamund married Francis Gotch, his partner in the most important of his experiments, and later Professor of Physiology at Oxford. His wife supported him in directing his future to include surgery. For a few years they lived in Park Street, Grosvenor Square; from 1891 at 25 Cavendish Square. During the War the eldest son became a Captain in the Gordon Highlanders and was wounded three times. Joining the Royal Flying Corps, he was promoted Flight Commander and was killed while flying on Aug 19th, 1918. His second son was wounded in 1914 whilst in charge of bombers; his injuries during the War precipitated his death subsequently. His daughter accompanied her father and mother to Egypt, where she was severely attacked by dysentery. She later married Stanley Robinson. SURGERY - In 1885 Horsley was appointed Assistant Surgeon to University College Hospital, and in 1886 Surgeon to the National Hospital for Paralysis and Epilepsy, Queen Square. At University College from 1893 he was styled Surgeon to Out-patients without allotted beds. It was only in 1900 that he came into charge of in-patients as Professor of Clinical Surgery. On the one hand his attention had been drawn to novel and special departments of surgery, and he was temperamentally and by circumstances a teacher not of students but rather of post-graduates. His practice of surgery was dictated by the patients of the National Hospital, which included thyroid gland cases. He began operations there, as Spencer Wells had started ovariotomy at the Samaritan Hospital, without an operating theatre, but it was rendered possible by Listerism. Before him, the surgical treatment had been mainly limited to the subcutaneous tenotomy initiated by Stromeyer and Dieffenbach. (*See* ADAMS, WILLIAM.) In 1884 Alexander Hughes Bennett (son of J Hughes Bennett, the Professor of Medicine in Edinburgh), Physician to the Hospital for Paralysis and Epilepsy, Regent's Park, and Assistant Physician at Westminster Hospital, had, in the light of Hughlings Jackson's clinical observations and the experiments of Ferrier, diagnosed a case of localized lesion in the ascending parietal convolutions giving rise to focal epilepsy. At the Regent's Park Hospital Godlee, later Sir Rickman Godlee (qv), trephined at the spot upon which Bennett put his finger, and scooped out a subcortical tumour the size of a pigeon's egg. The actual cautery was applied to the interior of the cavity to arrest haemorrhage, and to this is attributable the hernia cerebri with inflammation which caused the death of the patient on the twenty-third day. Horsley in the discussion mentioned the preliminary use of morphia. His first operation at the National Hospital was for Jacksonian epilepsy on May 15th, 1886; on May 28th at the Clinical Society he mentioned the ligature of the jugular vein for lateral sinus thrombosis, later developed by Arbuthnot Lane and Charles Ballance. The short paper he read at the Brighton Meeting of the British Medical Association in July concerned three cases of Jacksonian epilepsy set up by a scar, a tuberculoma in the thumb area, and a splinter surrounded by a cyst. He made a semilunar flap, replacing the crucial incision handed down from Hippocrates, liable to be followed by a hernia cerebri. More famous still was the case, with Gowers, of spinal-cord tumour. Horsley had prepared himself by experiments on animals and cadavers. Assisted by Charles Ballance, after exposure of the cord, it was necessary to extend the wound upwards two vertebrae. The patient was exhibited at the Medico-Chirurgical Society (*Med-Chir Trans*,1888, lxxi, 377 (paper); discussion in *Proc Med-Chir Soc*, NS ii, 407). In no operation did Horsley exhibit such marvellous skill as in exposing the spinal cord. To him is due the discovery and relief of varieties of circumscribed pachymeningitis and cystic meningitis. Twenty-one cases were described at Queen Square on Feb 27th, 1909. All the laminectomies done during the War originated with Horsley; there were a few successes, although the injury rendered the majority of cases hopeless. For trigeminal neuralgia there was the avulsion of the third or second branches. Horsley's experiments, in which posterior roots were divided, led him to undertake the division of the main root of the fifth nerve, at first behind a screen in a ward. He prepared himself by animal experiments and dissection of the dead body. The operation had to be interrupted owing to haemorrhage from a petrosal sinus. He tried the zygomatic approach used by Rose, then adopted the temporal Hartley-Krause route. He later reserved the division of the main root, which he did better than anyone else, for recurring cases. In 1905 he reported a series of cases with a mortality of 7 per cent among 149 removals of the Gasserian ganglion: all the deaths were in patients over 50 years of age. In his Linacre Lecture in 1909, after twenty-three years' experience, he ascribed the following functions to the gyrus precentralis of man: (1) slight tactility, (2) topognosis, (3) muscular sense, (4) arthritic sense, (5) stereognosis, (6) pain, (7) movement. At the International Medical Congress in London, 1913, he presided over the surgical division. Howard Tooth had analysed 500 cases of cerebral tumour at Queen Square between 1902 and 1911, in connection largely with which Horsley analysed 265 operations. Speaking generally, decompression was preferable to removal; an alternative to removal was not then under consideration, for radiology was still in embryo. POLITICS - Three opinions extracted from obituary notices: "What demon drove a man of this type into the muddy pool of politics? A born reformer, once in a contest, no manna-dropping words come from his tongue, A hard hitter, and always with a fanatical conviction of the justice of his cause. What wonder that the world's coarse thumb and finger could not always plumb the sincerity of his motives? Let us, as dear old Fuller says of Caius, 'leave the heat of his faith to God's sole judgement and the light of his good works to men's imitation'." (OSLER, *Brit Med Jour*.) "Had he lived, he would have seen many of the reforms he was pressing already adopted, and this only shows how inestimable a benefit to others it is that some men should think differently, and act differently, to accepted customs and traditions." (F W MOTT, *Proc Roy Soc*.) "The day will assuredly come when the crowded and eventful life of Sir Victor Horsley will form one of the brightest and most moving pages in the whole history of British Medicine." (ARTHUR KEITH, *Times Lit Supp*.) At the Church Congress in October, 1892, at Folkestone the subject under discussion was, "Do the interests of mankind require experiments on living animals?" Miss Frances Power Cobbe had published, under her own name, a book entitled *The Nine Circles*. This, after exposure, was excused as having been compiled not by her, but for her. Horsley, then as afterwards in many other instances, demonstrated a *suppressio veri* which silenced antagonists. But there continued a repetition of statements proved over and again to be untrue against him and his work. It embittered his manner on the platform, for the natural Horsley was the ideal captain of a team, helpful, encouraging, abounding in praise of those working under him, perhaps sometimes impatient about progress and choleric, yet over tea there would be expostulations, explanations, extenuations, ending in frank accord. He concocted a rebus, a flying horse with V in position on the saddle. He would begin by bald dogmatic assertion of his case along with depreciation of opposite views, so that within five minutes his opponents were upstanding and interrupting. He would not begin with generalities and soothing clearance of objections. But after things had quieted down he would then develop reasons which appealed to his audience. What if he did use the art of rhetoric - which is the art of speaking in language designed to persuade and impress - even the vituperation of Cicero (*tritium paro*, I disparage), and censure seniors of the General Medical Council or of the Council of the British Medical Association who were forgetting the origin in a Provincial Association governed by a Representative Meeting! If he miscalled the Home Secretary (Mr McKenna) Viscount Holloway (the prison in which the Suffragettes were confined), was it not only by sheer luck that the Minister escaped the responsibility of causing the death of women imprisoned there, in the course of being forcibly fed? His attack on tobacco, already mentioned, gained support during the War, by the 'disorderly heart' which caused so much invaliding of young soldiers. The battle about alcohol continued after him, particularly in the United States; he had produced on himself by inhaling ether the temporary loss of control which occurs when a young person with a full circulation takes a minute dose of alcohol on an empty stomach. The Registrar-General continued to report a high death-rate among doctors from alcoholism and cirrhosis. Even in Egypt Horsley sought to collect evidence against alcohol and the rum ration. He began attending the Metropolitan and Marylebone Branches, also the Annual Representative Meetings, of the British Medical Association. He was Chairman of the Representative Meeting from 1902-1906 and continued a member until 1912. Reforms desired by the representatives, advocated by him, have led to an increase of the Association to include more than two-thirds of the whole profession. There was a temporary resignation of consultants over so-called trade-union methods which did not concern consultants personally. Horsley suffered their opposition, but many of them drifted back quietly into the Association after his death. He was elected President of the Medical Defence Union at a critical juncture in 1892, and occupied the Chair until in 1897 he was elected upon the General Medical Council as one of three direct representatives of the profession. He went to it, as he said, to stir it up. He was re-elected for a second term, at the end of which he did not seek re-election, as he deemed that his objectives had been reached. The one lack of success in relation to the Medical Act of 1858 concerned unqualified practice to which the public accorded support. Improved death registration, medical inspection and treatment of school-children, a Ministry of Health, general improvement in the scientific side of medical education, sick medical insurance and an improved contract practice, State registration of nurses referred to in one of his last letters from Mesopotamia - on all these matters Horsley was in the forefront of the battle, and the subsequent victories enhance his fame. The seat in Parliament for which he was most fitted as an independent Member was that at the University of London, but at the general election in 1910 he had to oppose the sitting Member, Sir Philip Magnus, who had coached him for the Matriculation, and the consultants who had seceded from the British Medical Association voted against him. He was adopted by the North Islington Liberals and Radicals and might have been helped by the University College connection and by the women, including the nurses who canvassed for Sir Richard Barnet when he got in for St Pancras. But Horsley retired when adopted by Market Harborough in January, 1913. Unfortunately the apple of discord was thrown by the Suffragettes, then militant, damaging property and getting themselves forcibly fed in prisons. Between January, 1914, and May, 1915, he was approached by four other constituencies, the last being Gateshead, which he declined on May 17th, 1915, as "certainly anxious to get into Parliament" but just leaving for Egypt. His last political service was rendered between January and August 1914 on the Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases which eventuated in the Government subsidy of hospital treatment. Concerning the religion of such a man, the chapter headed "Brotherhood Addresses" in Paget's book is to be noted. At the outbreak of the War in August, 1914, Horsley ranked as Captain RAMC (T), with previous non-commissioned rank in the Artist Volunteers. He was the one surgeon competent, as an experimental pathologist and surgeon, to have saved lives in those suffering from head injuries or tetanus - an attainment which had to await acquirement of knowledge by others before it could take effect - nor later had he opportunity given him of treating head injuries at an early stage, except after one minor affair against the Senussi on the western border of Egypt. In May, 1915, he was appointed Surgeon to the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force with the rank of Colonel AMS. He served at the base in Egypt, and visited Gallipoli and Mudros. Learning of conditions in Mesopotamia, he volunteered and proceeded there in May, 1916. On June 7th he wrote noting the absence of infusion apparatus for the treatment of cholera, having found a medical officer using a teapot as a substitute. He was not foolhardy; he was not boastful of his resistance as a teetotaller and non-smoker; it was his duty to make a round of hospital visits, and as there was no available conveyance he had to walk across sand with a moist temperature above 110° F in the shade. He was taken ill on July 15th at Amerah, with headache and a temperature of 104° F; no malaria organisms were found in the blood, no enteric organisms. The next day he was unconscious, with a temperature of 108° F. After his death there developed the treatment of heat-stroke by venesection and infusion, based on the experiments by Wooldridge which Horsley had watched in the Brown Laboratory twenty-seven years before - namely, the bleeding of a dog and the immediate infusion of an equivalent amount of fluid. He died at 8.30 pm on July 16th, 1916, at the Rawal Pindi Hospital, and was buried in the Amerah Cemetery, some 80 to 100 of the medical staff attending the funeral. Many honours came to Horsley in the course of his life. He was awarded the Cameron Prize by the University of Edinburgh in 1893; a Royal Medal of the Royal Society in 1904; the Fothergillian Gold Medal of the Medical Society of London in 1896; and the Lannelongue Prize and Gold Medal at Paris in 1911. He was elected a Foreign Associate of the French Academy of Medicine in 1910, and a member of the Society of Upsala in succession to Lord Lister in 1912. The Victor Horsley Memorial Lecture was instituted in his memory. The first lecture was delivered at the Royal Society of Medicine on Oct 23rd, 1923, by Sir Edward Sharpey-Schafer, FRS, Professor of Physiology in the University of Edinburgh, and previously Professor of Physiology and a colleague of Horsley at University College, London. This lecture, on "The Relations of Physiology and Surgery", was published in the *British Medical Journal* (1923, ii, 739). The second lecture, by Wilfred Trotter, MS, FRCS, Surgeon to University College Hospital, assistant to and colleague of Horsley, was delivered at the British Medical Association on July 9th, 1926, the title being, "On the Insulation of the Nervous System"; it may be read in the *British Medical Journal* (1926, ii, 103). The third lecture was delivered by Sir Thomas Lewis on July 16th, 1929, on "Observations relating to the Mechanism of Raynaud's Disease" (*Brit Med Jour*, 1929, ii, 111)
Resource Identifier RCS: E002267
Collection Plarr's Lives of the Fellows
Format Obituary
Format Asset